Skip to main content

Advertisement

Articles

Page 3 of 44

  1. Pharmaceutical compounding of orphan active ingredients can offer cost-effective treatment to patients when no other drug product is available for a rare disease or during periods of drug product shortages. Ad...

    Authors: V. Vanhoorne, E. Peeters, I. Van Tongelen, K. Boussery, E. Wynendaele, B. De Spiegeleer, J. P. Remon and C. Vervaet

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:186

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  2. Wolfram syndrome is a rare genetic, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder characterised by childhood-onset diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, optic atrophy and deafness. To date, the economic burden of W...

    Authors: Sana Eljamel, Wrik Ghosh, Sachin De Stone, Annabel Griffiths, Timothy Barrett and Richard Thompson

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:185

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  3. Ribonucleases (RNases) are crucial for degradation of ribosomal RNA (rRNA). RNASET2 as a subtype of RNASEs is a 256 amino acid protein, encoded by RNASET2 gene located on chromosome six. Defective RNASET2 leads t...

    Authors: Reyhaneh Kameli, Man Amanat, Zahra Rezaei, Sareh Hosseionpour, Sedigheh Nikbakht, Houman Alizadeh, Mahmoud Reza Ashrafi, Abdolmajid Omrani, Masoud Garshasbi and Ali Reza Tavasoli

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:184

    Content type: Letter to the Editor

    Published on:

  4. Kindler Syndrome (KS) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by skin fragility, skin atrophy, premature aging and poikiloderma. It is caused by mutations in the FERMT1 gene, which encodes kindlin-1, a protein ...

    Authors: Sara Guerrero-Aspizua, Claudio J. Conti, Maria Jose Escamez, Daniele Castiglia, Giovanna Zambruno, Leila Youssefian, Hassan Vahidnezhad, Luis Requena, Peter Itin, Gianluca Tadini, Ivelina Yordanova, Ludovic Martin, Jouni Uitto, Cristina Has and Marcela Del Rio

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:183

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  5. Inherited Factor XIII deficiency (FXIIID) is one of the most severe and under-diagnosed rare bleeding disorders. Only 5 large deletions involving one or more exons in F13A1 have been reported, and lacking of mult...

    Authors: Siyu Ma, Changming Chen, Qian Liang, Xi Wu, Xuefeng Wang, Wenman Wu, Yan Liu and Qiulan Ding

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:182

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  6. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited deficiency in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), which, when poorly-managed, is associated with clinical features including deficient growth, microcephaly, seizur...

    Authors: K. F. Trefz, A. C. Muntau, K. M. Kohlscheen, J. Altevers, C. Jacob, S. Braun, W. Greiner, A. Jha, M. Jain, I. Alvarez, P. Lane, C. Schröder and F. Rutsch

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:181

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  7. A pattern of major and minor congenital anomalies, facial dysmorphic features, and neurodevelopmental difficulties, including cognitive and social impairments has been reported in some children exposed to sodi...

    Authors: Jill Clayton-Smith, Rebecca Bromley, John Dean, Hubert Journel, Sylvie Odent, Amanda Wood, Janet Williams, Verna Cuthbert, Latha Hackett, Neelo Aslam, Heli Malm, Gregory James, Lena Westbom, Ruth Day, Edmund Ladusans, Adam Jackson…

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:180

    Content type: Position statement

    Published on:

  8. The protein O-mannosyltransferase 1, encoded by the POMT1 gene, is a key enzyme in the glycosylation of α-dystroglycan. POMT1–related disorders belong to the group of dystroglycanopathies characterized by a proxi...

    Authors: Tobias Geis, Tanja Rödl, Haluk Topaloğlu, Burcu Balci-Hayta, Sophie Hinreiner, Wolfgang Müller-Felber, Benedikt Schoser, Yasmin Mehraein, Angela Hübner, Birgit Zirn, Markus Hoopmann, Heiko Reutter, David Mowat, Gerhard Schuierer, Ulrike Schara, Ute Hehr…

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:179

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  9. Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS, OMIM 154500) is an autosomal disorder of craniofacial development with an incidence rate of 1/50,000 live births. Although TCOF1, POLR1D, and POLR1C, have been identified as the pa...

    Authors: Xinmiao Fan, Yibei Wang, Yue Fan, Huiqian Du, Nana Luo, Shuyang Zhang and Xiaowei Chen

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:178

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  10. Although metreleptin replacement therapy was shown to improve metabolic alterations in lipodystrophic syndromes, patients’ adherence and satisfaction with treatment have never been evaluated. The 20 patients w...

    Authors: Camille Vatier, Dina Kalbasi, Marie-Christine Vantyghem, Olivier Lascols, Isabelle Jéru, Anne Daguenel, Jean-François Gautier, Marion Buyse and Corinne Vigouroux

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:177

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  11. Within the 21 APEC economies alone, there are an estimated 200 million individuals living with a rare disease. As such, health data on these individuals, and hence patient registries, are vital. However, regis...

    Authors: Matthew I. Bellgard, Tom Snelling and James M. McGree

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:176

    Content type: Position statement

    Published on:

  12. The needs and benefits of sharing health data to advance scientific research and improve clinical benefits have been well documented in recent years, specifically in the field of rare diseases where knowledge ...

    Authors: Sandra Courbier, Rebecca Dimond and Virginie Bros-Facer

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:175

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  13. Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder with brain iron accumulation (NBIA).

    Authors: Randall D. Marshall, Abigail Collins, Maria L. Escolar, H. A. Jinnah, Thomas Klopstock, Michael C. Kruer, Aleksandar Videnovic, Amy Robichaux-Viehoever, Colleen Burns, Laura L. Swett, Dennis A. Revicki, Randall H. Bender and William R. Lenderking

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:174

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  14. Castleman disease (CD) describes a group of rare and poorly understood lymphoproliferative disorders that include unicentric CD (UCD), Human Herpes Virus-8 (HHV8)-associated multicentric CD (HHV8 + MCD), and H...

    Authors: Alexander Suarez, Curran Reilly and David C. Fajgenbaum

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:173

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  15. According to rough estimates, there are approximately 150,000 rare disease patients in Slovenia (out of a total population of 2 million). Despite the absence of accurate epidemiological data on their status, t...

    Authors: Dalibor Stanimirovic, Eva Murko, Tadej Battelino and Urh Groselj

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:172

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  16. Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a genetic disorder that causes excess absorption of iron and can lead to a variety of complications including liver cirrhosis, arthritis, abnormal skin pigmentation, cardiomy...

    Authors: Xiaomu Kong, Lingding Xie, Haiqing Zhu, Lulu Song, Xiaoyan Xing, Wenying Yang and Xiaoping Chen

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:171

    Content type: Review

    Published on:

  17. Identification of Fabry disease (FD) in cardiac patients has been restricted so far to patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. Conduction problems are frequent in FD and could precede other manifestations,...

    Authors: Ángela López-Sainz, Vicente Climent, Tomas Ripoll-Vera, Maria Angeles Espinosa, Roberto Barriales-Villa, Marina Navarro, Javier Limeres, Diana Domingo, David C. Kasper and Pablo Garcia-Pavia

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:170

    Content type: Letter to the Editor

    Published on:

  18. The European Reference Network for rare liver diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER) is a Europe-wide network of paediatric and adult hepatologists from expert centres in close collaboration with patient advocates from the...

    Authors: Lucas H. P. Bernts, David E. J. Jones, Marleen M. Kaatee, Ansgar W. Lohse, Christoph Schramm, Ekkehard Sturm and Joost P. H. Drenth

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:169

    Content type: Position statement

    Published on:

  19. Sanfilippo syndrome type B (Sanfilippo B) belongs to a group of rare lysosomal storage diseases characterized by progressive cognitive decline from an early age, acute hyperactivity, and concomitant somatic sy...

    Authors: Elsa Shapiro, Charles Marques Lourenço, Neslihan Onenli Mungan, Nicole Muschol, Cara O’Neill and Suresh Vijayaraghavan

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:168

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  20. Wilson disease (WD) is a genetic disorder involving impaired copper metabolism, which presents with hepatic, neurological, and/or psychiatric manifestations. WD requires lifelong pharmacotherapy and treatment ...

    Authors: Wojciech Maselbas, Tomasz Litwin and Anna Czlonkowska

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:167

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  21. No study to date has followed disease progression in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), including the incidence of various manifestations, using a national registry. Here we examined the state of NF...

    Authors: Takashi Yamauchi, Machi Suka, Chikako Nishigori and Hiroyuki Yanagisawa

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:166

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  22. Kaposiform lymphangiomatosis (KLA) and kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) are rare and aggressive vascular disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical features and prognosis of KLA and KHE ...

    Authors: Yi Ji, Siyuan Chen, Suhua Peng, Chunchao Xia and Li Li

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:165

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  23. High resolution genome-wide copy number analysis, routinely used in clinical diagnosis for several years, retrieves new and extremely rare copy number variations (CNVs) that provide novel candidate genes contr...

    Authors: Fátima Lopes, Fátima Torres, Gabriela Soares, Mafalda Barbosa, João Silva, Frederico Duque, Miguel Rocha, Joaquim Sá, Guiomar Oliveira, Maria João Sá, Teresa Temudo, Susana Sousa, Carla Marques, Sofia Lopes, Catarina Gomes, Gisela Barros…

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:164

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  24. The concomitant occurrence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and congenital heart defect in patients with RASopathies has previously been reported as associated to a worse clinical outcome, particularly closed to...

    Authors: Giulio Calcagni, Maria Cristina Digilio, Bruno Marino and Marco Tartaglia

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:163

    Content type: Letter to the Editor

    Published on:

  25. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism and platelet dysfunction and can sometimes lead to a highly aggressive form of pulmonary fibrosis...

    Authors: Ross Summer, Rachana Krishna, DeLeila Schriner, Karina Cuevas-Mora, Dominic Sales, Rachel Para, Jesse Roman, Carl Nieweld, Bernadette R. Gochuico and Freddy Romero

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:162

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  26. Niemann-Pick disease Type C (NP-C) is a lysosomal lipid storage disorder with varying symptomatology depending on the age of onset. The diagnosis of NP-C is challenging due to heterogeneous nonspecific clinica...

    Authors: Mercedes Pineda, Katarína Juríčková, Parvaneh Karimzadeh, Miriam Kolniková, Věra Malinová, Juan Torres and Stefan A. Kolb

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:161

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  27. There are many public health issues to resolve regarding rare diseases, including a lack of data from large-scale studies. The objective of this study was to explore fundamental data for a list of rare disease...

    Authors: Xinmiao Shi, Hui Liu, Siyan Zhan, Zhaoxia Wang, Lin Wang, Chongya Dong, Yanfang Wang, Chen Yao, Jie Ding and Yan Li

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:160

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  28. Given the inherent complexity of rare paediatric diseases and the sensitive emotional context of the situations they create (due to the patients’ age and the tense uncertainty surrounding the progression of th...

    Authors: Beni Gómez-Zúñiga, Rafael Pulido Moyano, Modesta Pousada Fernández, Alicia García Oliva and Manuel Armayones Ruiz

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:159

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  29. In 2009 the European Commission called for National action plans (NAP) to improve the care for persons with rare diseases. Germany set up a NAP in 2013 suggesting a three-tiered structure of co-operating cente...

    Authors: U. Plöckinger and A. Ziagaki

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:158

    Content type: Position statement

    Published on:

  30. Orphan medicines show some characteristics that hinder the evaluation of their clinical added value. The often low level of evidence available for orphan drugs, together with a high budget impact and an increm...

    Authors: Laura Guarga, Xavier Badia, Mercè Obach, Manel Fontanet, Alba Prat, Atonio Vallano, Josep Torrent and Caridad Pontes

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:157

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  31. Familial digital arthropathy-brachydactyly (FDAB) and Thiemann disease are non-inflammatory digital arthropathies with many phenotypic similarities. Thirty-three cases of Thiemann disease have been described s...

    Authors: Nadirah Damseh, Jennifer Stimec, Alan O’Brien, Christian Marshall, Ravi Savarirayan, Ali Jawad, Ronald Laxer and Peter Kannu

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:156

    Content type: Review

    Published on:

  32. Sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) is the most prevalent muscle disease in elderly people, affecting the daily activities. sIBM is progressive with unknown cause and without effective treatment. In 2015, ...

    Authors: Naoki Suzuki, Madoka Mori-Yoshimura, Satoshi Yamashita, Satoshi Nakano, Ken-ya Murata, Megumi Mori, Yukie Inamori, Naoko Matsui, En Kimura, Hirofumi Kusaka, Tomoyoshi Kondo, Hidefumi Ito, Itsuro Higuchi, Akihiro Hashiguchi, Hiroyuki Nodera, Ryuji Kaji…

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:155

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  33. Decision makers have huge problems when attempting to attribute social value to the improvements achieved by new drugs, especially when considering the use of orphan drugs for rare diseases. We present the res...

    Authors: Julio López-Bastida, Juan Manuel Ramos-Goñi, Isaac Aranda-Reneo, Domenica Taruscio, Armando Magrelli and Panos Kanavos

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:154

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  34. The practice of genomic medicine stands to revolutionize our approach to medical care, and to realize this goal will require discovery of the relationship between rare variation at each of the ~ 20,000 protein...

    Authors: Jennifer E. Posey

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:153

    Content type: Review

    Published on:

  35. Estimation of incidence in rare diseases is often challenging due to unspecific and incomplete coding and recording systems. Patient- and health care provider-driven data collections are held with different or...

    Authors: Kirsten König, Astrid Pechmann, Simone Thiele, Maggie C. Walter, David Schorling, Adrian Tassoni, Hanns Lochmüller, Clemens Müller-Reible and Janbernd Kirschner

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:152

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  36. Schnitzler’s syndrome is an auto-inflammatory disorder which is characterized by two mandatory features: an urticarial rash and a monoclonal gammopathy. Although the pathophysiology of this syndrome is not yet...

    Authors: FS van Leersum, J Potjewijd, M van Geel, PM Steijlen and M Vreeburg

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:151

    Content type: Letter to the Editor

    Published on:

  37. The vision loss in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy patients is due to mitochondrial DNA mutations. No treatment has shown a clear-cut benefit on a clinically meaningful end-point. However, clinical evidences...

    Authors: Sonia Emperador, Ester López-Gallardo, Carmen Hernández-Ainsa, Mouna Habbane, Julio Montoya, M. Pilar Bayona-Bafaluy and Eduardo Ruiz-Pesini

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:150

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  38. Lafora disease (LD) is a rare, lethal, progressive myoclonus epilepsy for which no targeted therapy is currently available. Studies on a mouse model of LD showed a good response to metformin, a drug with a wel...

    Authors: Francesca Bisulli, Lorenzo Muccioli, Giuseppe d’Orsi, Laura Canafoglia, Elena Freri, Laura Licchetta, Barbara Mostacci, Patrizia Riguzzi, Federica Pondrelli, Carlo Avolio, Tommaso Martino, Roberto Michelucci and Paolo Tinuper

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:149

    Content type: Letter to the Editor

    Published on:

  41. Satoyoshi syndrome is a multisystemic rare disease of unknown etiology, although an autoimmune basis is presumed. Its main symptoms are: painful muscle spasms, diarrhea, alopecia and skeletal abnormalities. Cl...

    Authors: Julián Solís-García del Pozo, Carlos de Cabo and Javier Solera

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:146

    Content type: Review

    Published on:

  42. Individuals diagnosed with a rare genetic disease that affects skeletal development often have physical limitations and orofacial problems that exert an impact on oral health. The aim of the present study was ...

    Authors: Heloisa Vieira Prado, Natália Cristina Ruy Carneiro, Matheus França Perazzo, Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães de Abreu, Carolina de Castro Martins and Ana Cristina Borges-Oliveira

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:145

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  43. Floating-Harbor syndrome (FHS) is a rare syndromic short stature disorder caused by truncating variants in SRCAP. Few Chinese FHS patients had been reported so far and limited knowledge regarding the benefit of g...

    Authors: Shujie Zhang, Shaoke Chen, Haisong Qin, Haiming Yuan, Yalei Pi, Yu Yang, Hui Huang, Guimei Li, Yan Sun, Zhihua Wang, Huamei Ma, Xiaoling Fu, Ting Zhou, Jian Wang, Huifeng Zhang and Yiping Shen

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:144

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  44. Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA (MPS IVA) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease due to N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase (GALNS) deficiency. It results in accumulation of the glycosaminoglycans, kerata...

    Authors: Huey Yin Leong, Nor Azimah Abdul Azize, Hui Bein Chew, Wee Teik Keng, Meow Keong Thong, Mohd Khairul Nizam Mohd Khalid, Liang Choo Hung, Norzila Mohamed Zainudin, Azura Ramlee, Muzhirah Aisha Md Haniffa, Yusnita Yakob and Lock Hock Ngu

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:143

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  45. Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) diagnosis relies on a combination of tests which may include (a) nasal Nitric Oxide (nNO), (b) High Speed Video Microscopy (HSVM) and (c) Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)...

    Authors: Panayiotis Kouis, Stefania I. Papatheodorou, Nicos Middleton, George Giallouros, Kyriacos Kyriacou, Joshua T. Cohen, John S. Evans and Panayiotis K. Yiallouros

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:142

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  46. Lymphatic anomalies (LAs) include several disorders in which abnormal lymphatic tissue invades the neck, chest, and various organs. Progressive cases may result in lethal outcomes and have proven difficult to ...

    Authors: Michio Ozeki, Akifumi Nozawa, Shiho Yasue, Saori Endo, Ryuta Asada, Hiroya Hashimoto and Toshiyuki Fukao

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:141

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  47. Mucopolysaccharidosis type III (MPS III), or Sanfilippo syndrome, is caused by a deficiency in one of the four enzymes involved in the lysosomal degradation of heparan sulfate. Cardiac abnormalities have been ...

    Authors: Hsiang-Yu Lin, Ming-Ren Chen, Shan-Miao Lin, Chung-Lieh Hung, Dau-Ming Niu, Tung-Ming Chang, Chih-Kuang Chuang and Shuan-Pei Lin

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:140

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  48. Fibrous Dysplasia / McCune Albright syndrome (FD/MAS) represents a wide spectrum of diseases due to somatic gain-of-function mutations of the GNAS gene. The mutation leads to overactivity in the target tissues an...

    Authors: Muhammad Kassim Javaid, Alison Boyce, Natasha Appelman-Dijkstra, Juling Ong, Patrizia Defabianis, Amaka Offiah, Paul Arundel, Nick Shaw, Valter Dal Pos, Ann Underhil, Deanna Portero, Lisa Heral, Anne-Marie Heegaard, Laura Masi, Fergal Monsell, Robert Stanton…

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:139

    Content type: Position statement

    Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:267

  49. Proteoglycans are large and structurally complex macromolecules which can be found in abundancy in the extracellular matrix and on the surface of all animal cells. Mutations in the genes encoding the enzymes r...

    Authors: Marlies Colman, Tim Van Damme, Elisabeth Steichen-Gersdorf, Franco Laccone, Sheela Nampoothiri, Delfien Syx, Brecht Guillemyn, Sofie Symoens and Fransiska Malfait

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:138

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  50. Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IVA or Morquio A syndrome is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) caused by deficiency of the N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase (GALNS) enzyme, which impairs lysosom...

    Authors: Mehmet Umut Akyol, Tord D. Alden, Hernan Amartino, Jane Ashworth, Kumar Belani, Kenneth I. Berger, Andrea Borgo, Elizabeth Braunlin, Yoshikatsu Eto, Jeffrey I. Gold, Andrea Jester, Simon A. Jones, Cengiz Karsli, William Mackenzie, Diane Ruschel Marinho, Andrew McFadyen…

    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:137

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

Submit manuscript

Follow

  • ISSN: 1750-1172 (electronic)

Advertisement

Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases

ISSN: 1750-1172