Overall intact cognitive function in male X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy adults with normal MRI

Table 4 Frequencies of T scores and borderline and impaired T scores (≤ 36) from adult male ALD patients compared to the percentage in the standardized norm group (8%)

		N	Test T score							Z	p	95% CI
		N	≥ 70	64–69	57–63	44–56	37–43	30–36 (%)	≤ 29 (%)	Z	p	95% CI
Language	Letter fluency	33	0	0	4	16	8	4 (12.1	1 (3)	1.514	0.130	5.11–31.90
	Similarities	33	0	0	6	13	11	3 (9)	0	0.231	0.818	1.92–24.33
	Vocabulary	33	0	0	5	16	10	2 (6)	0	0.411	0.681	0.74–20.23
Verbal memory	REY AVLT IR	33	0	0	6	16	6	2 (6)	3 (9)	1.514	0.130	5.11–31.90
	Rey AVLT DR	33	0	2	7	11	11	2 (6)	0	0.411	0.681	0.74–20.23
	Rey AVLT DR/IR	33	0	2	8	19	4	0	0	1.694	0.090	0.00–10.58
Non-verbal memory	WMS VR IR	32	2	2	4	18	5	1 (3)	0	1.015	0.310	0.08–16.22
	WMS VR DR	32	4	1	10	14	3	0	0	1.668	0.095	0.00–10.89
	WMS VR recognition	32	0	0	18	11	2	1 (3)	0	1.015	0.310	0.08–16.22
Visuoconstruction	Beery VMI	31	0	1	2	19	3	3 (9.7)	3 (9.7)	2.329	0.020*	7.45–37.47
Executive functioning	TMT A	31	5	6	3	13	3	1 (3.2)	0	0.979	0.328	0.08–16.71
	TMT B	31	4	2	6	14	3	2 (6.5)	0	0.318	0.750	0.79–21.42
	TMT B/A	31	1	1	6	16	5	2 (6.5)	0	0.318	0.750	0.79–21.42
	Stroop I	32	2	1	1	19	6	2 (6.3)	1 (3,1)	0.288	0.774	1.98–25.03
	Stroop II	31	2	2	2	16	7	1 (3.2)	1 (3.2)	0.318	0.750	0.79–21.42
	Stroop III	31	3	2	4	15	5	2 (6.5)	0	0.318	0.750	0.79–21.42
	Stroop III/II	31	3	3	9	12	3	1 (3.2)	0	0.979	0.328	0.08–16.71
	BRIEF A	30	3	3	3	18	2	1 (3.3)	0	0.943	0.346	0.08–17.21
Psychomotor speed	VTS-S1-RT	29	4	3	9	9	3	0	1 (3.4	0.903	0.366	0.09–17.77
	VTS-S1-MT	29	4	5	6	12	2	0	0	1.588	0.112	0.00–11.94
	VTS-S3-RT	28	1	2	3	9	8	5 (17.8)	0	1.923	0.055	6.07–36.90
	VTS-S3-MT	28	0	4	6	10	6	2 (7.1)	0	0.168	0.8668	0.88–23.50

The frequency of borderline and impaired T scores from patients, defined as the percentage of T scores ≤36, were compared to the percentage of borderline and impaired T scores of the standardized norm group. As T scores of the standardized norm group follow a normal distribution, the percentage of borderline and impaired T scores in the standardized norm group equals 8%. Abbreviations: * p < 0.05 (two-tailed); CI confidence interval from the percentage borderline and impaired T scores, DR delayed recall, IR immediate recall, N number of patients, p p value, Rey VLT Rey Verbal Learning Test, TMT Trail Making Test, VMI Visual-Motor Integration, VTS-S1-MT Vienna Test System Subtest 1 Motor Time, VTS-S1-RT Vienna Test System Subtest 1 Mental Reaction Time, VTS-S3-MT Vienna Test System Subtest 3 Motor Time, VTS-S3-RT Vienna Test System Subtest 3 Mental Reaction Time, WMS VR Wechsler Memory Scale Visual Reproduction, Z z-statistic

ISSN: 1750-1172