Overall intact cognitive function in male X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy adults with normal MRI

Table 3 T scores of adult male ALD patients compared to the standardized norm group (mean = 50)

Neuropsychological test per cognitive domain	N	Mean ± SD or median (range)	p value
Language
Letter fluency	33	45.70 ± 8.85	0.009*
Similarities**	33	50 (30–58)	0.050
Vocabulary	33	47.18 ± 8.00	0.051
Verbal memory
REY AVLT IR	33	46.97 ± 10.41	0.104
Rey AVLT DR	33	49.24 ± 10.05	0.668
Rey AVLT DR/IR	33	51.52 ± 7.72	0.268
Non-verbal memory
WMS VR IR**	32	50 (33–72)	0.421
WMS VR DR	32	55.44 ± 9.00	0.002*
WMS VR recognition**	32	58 (35–58)	0.001*
Visuoconstruction
Beery VMI**	31	49 (19–64)	0.193
Executive functioning
TMT A	31	57.29 ± 12.95	0.004*
TMT B	31	53.55 ± 11.18	0.087
TMT B/A	31	49.81 ± 9.32	0.909
Stroop I**	32	48 (28–85)	0.172
Stroop II	31	49.94 ± 10.34	0.973
Stroop III	31	53.23 ± 11.14	0.117
Stroop III/II	31	55.42 ± 10.59	0.008*
BRIEF A**	30	51 (36–83)	0.186
Psychomotor Speed
VTS-S1-RT	29	57.66 ± 12.04	0.002*
VTS-S1-MT	29	58.10 ± 11.95	0.001*
VTS-S3-RT	28	46.89 ± 10.72	0.137
VTS-S3-MT	28	51.71 ± 10.92	0.414

T scores of patients were compared to the standardized norm group. The distribution of T scores of the standardized norm group has a mean of 50, with a standard deviation of 10
Abbreviations: * = p < 0.05 (two-tailed); ** = Non-normally distributed data; BRIEF-A Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Adult Version, DR delayed recall, IR immediate recall, M mean, N number of patients, p p value, RCFT Rey Complex Figure Test, SD standard deviation, TMT Trail Making Test, VMI Visual-Motor Integration, VTS-S1-MT Vienna Test System Subtest 1 Motor Reaction Time, VTS-S1-RT Vienna Test System Subtest 1 Mental Reaction Time, VTS-S3-MT Vienna Test System Subtest 3 Motor Reaction Time, VTS-S3-RT Vienna Test System Subtest 3 Mental Reaction Time, WMS VR Wechsler Memory Scale Visual Reproduction
Normally distributed data is presented as mean ± standard deviation (range). Data that was not normally distributed is presented as median (range)

ISSN: 1750-1172