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  1. Anti-granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor autoantibody (GMAb) has been recognized as a diagnostic biomarker for autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP). The aims of this study were to know...

    Authors: Kanako Katayama, Masaki Hirose, Toru Arai, Kazuyoshi Hatsuda, Kazunobu Tachibana, Reiko Sugawara, Chikatoshi Sugimoto, Takahiko Kasai, Masanori Akira and Yoshikazu Inoue
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:272
  2. Alpha-mannosidosis is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by reduced enzymatic activity of alpha-mannosidase. SPARKLE is an alpha-mannosidosis registry intended to obtain long-term safety and effectiveness dat...

    Authors: Julia B. Hennermann, Nathalie Guffon, Federica Cattaneo, Ferdinando Ceravolo, Line Borgwardt, Allan M. Lund, Mercedes Gil-Campos, Anna Tylki-Szymanska and Nicole M. Muschol
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:271
  3. Morquio A syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive, progressively debilitating disorder, with multi-system impairments and high medical burden. Quebec, Canada has a large Morquio A population, which is consider...

    Authors: Lina Moisan, David Iannuzzi, Bruno Maranda, Philippe M. Campeau and John J. Mitchell
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:270
  4. Dominant mutations in valosin-containing protein (VCP) gene cause an adult onset inclusion body myopathy, Paget’s disease of bone, and frontotemporal dementia also termed multisystem proteinopathy (MSP). The g...

    Authors: Chiseko Ikenaga, Andrew R. Findlay, Michelle Seiffert, Allison Peck, Nathan Peck, Nicholas E. Johnson, Jeffrey M. Statland and Conrad C. Weihl
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:267
  5. Individuals with phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) deficiency lack an enzyme needed to metabolize the amino acid, phenylalanine. This leads to an increase of phenylalanine in the blood, which is associated with ...

    Authors: Tracy Brock Lowe, Jane DeLuca and Georgianne L. Arnold
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:266
  6. South Asia is the hotspot of beta-thalassemia, with an estimated 200,000 patients whose lives depend on regular blood transfusion. Due to COVID-19 pandemic, many countries have adopted unprecedented lockdown t...

    Authors: Mohammad Sorowar Hossain, Enayetur Raheem and Mahbubul H. Siddiqee
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:265
  7. We aim to elucidate the disease impact by accounting the prevalence, survival rate, genetics, mTOR inhibitor use and direct costs of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) in our local setting. TSC patients with doc...

    Authors: William Ching-Yuen Chu, Lorraine Lok-Wing Chiang, Dorothy Chi-Ching Chan, Wilfred Hing-Sang Wong and Godfrey Chi-Fung Chan
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:264
  8. Rare Diseases (RDs), which are defined as diseases affecting no more than 5 out of 10,000 people, are often severe, chronic and life-threatening. A main problem is the delay in diagnosing RDs. Clinical decisio...

    Authors: Jannik Schaaf, Martin Sedlmayr, Johanna Schaefer and Holger Storf
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:263
  9. How to address the counseling of lifetime risk of developing Parkinson’s disease in patients with Gaucher disease and their family members carrying a single variant of the GBA1 gene is not yet clearly defined. In...

    Authors: Maja Di Rocco, Alessio Di Fonzo, Antonio Barbato, Maria Domenica Cappellini, Francesca Carubbi, Fiorina Giona, Gaetano Giuffrida, Silvia Linari, Andrea Pession, Antonella Quarta, Maurizio Scarpa, Marco Spada, Pietro Strisciuglio and Generoso Andria
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:262
  10. Previous work has identified age-related negative correlations for γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in plasma of patients with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD)....

    Authors: Trevor Kirby, Dana C. Walters, Xutong Shi, Coleman Turgeon, Piero Rinaldo, Erland Arning, Paula Ashcraft, Teodoro Bottiglieri, Melissa DiBacco, Phillip L. Pearl, Jean-Baptiste Roullet and K. Michael Gibson
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:261
  11. There are limited data on economic aspects of the genetic variant of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the context of the more prevalent form of COPD. The objective of this study was to isolate t...

    Authors: Jan Sieluk, Julia F. Slejko, Henry Silverman, Eleanor Perfetto and C. Daniel Mullins
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:260
  12. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) can lead to severe ophthalmologic sequelae. The main risk factor is the severity of the initial ocular involvement. There are no recommendati...

    Authors: D. Thorel, S. Ingen-Housz-Oro, G. Royer, A. Delcampe, N. Bellon, C. Bodemer, A. Welfringer-Morin, D. Bremond-Gignac, M. P. Robert, M. Tauber, F. Malecaze, O. Dereure, V. Daien, A. Colin, C. Bernier, C. Couret…
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:259
  13. PMM2-CDG (CDG-Ia) is the most frequent N-glycosylation disorder. While supplying mannose to PMM2-deficient fibroblasts corrects the altered N-glycosylation in vitro, short term therapeutic approaches with mann...

    Authors: Roman Taday, Marianne Grüneberg, Ingrid DuChesne, Janine Reunert and Thorsten Marquardt
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:258
  14. Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disease with potential life-threatening risks. To study the natural course of HAE under therapy-free conditions throughout patient life is essential for practitioners and ...

    Authors: Yang Cao, Shuang Liu and Yuxiang Zhi
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:257
  15. Since enzyme replacement therapy for Gaucher disease (MIM#230800) has become available, both awareness of and the natural history of the disease have changed. However, there remain unmet needs such as the iden...

    Authors: Marcio M. Andrade-Campos, Laura López de Frutos, Jorge J. Cebolla, Irene Serrano-Gonzalo, Blanca Medrano-Engay, Mercedes Roca-Espiau, Beatriz Gomez-Barrera, Jorge Pérez-Heredia, David Iniguez and Pilar Giraldo
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:256
  16. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare and progressive cystic lung disease with limited therapeutic options. We retrospectively analyzed the effects of a comprehensive 4-week inpatient pulmonary rehabilitati...

    Authors: Rainer Gloeckl, Christoph Nell, Tessa Schneeberger, Inga Jarosch, Martina Boensch, Henrik Watz, Hubert Wirtz, Tobias Welte, Klaus Kenn and Andreas Rembert Koczulla
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:255
  17. Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by multiple telangiectases and caused by germline disease-causing variants in the ENG (HHT1), ACVRL1 (HHT2) and, to a le...

    Authors: Sophie Giraud, Claire Bardel, Sophie Dupuis-Girod, Marie-France Carette, Brigitte Gilbert-Dussardier, Sophie Riviere, Jean-Christophe Saurin, Mélanie Eyries, Sylvie Patri, Evelyne Decullier, Alain Calender and Gaëtan Lesca
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:254
  18. Alström Syndrome (ALMS) is an ultra-rare multisystem genetic disorder caused by autosomal recessive variants in the ALMS1 gene, which is located on chromosome 2p13. ALMS is a multisystem, progressive disease char...

    Authors: Natascia Tahani, Pietro Maffei, Hélène Dollfus, Richard Paisey, Diana Valverde, Gabriella Milan, Joan C. Han, Francesca Favaretto, Shyam C. Madathil, Charlotte Dawson, Matthew J. Armstrong, Adrian T. Warfield, Selma Düzenli, Clair A. Francomano, Meral Gunay-Aygun, Francesca Dassie…
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:253
  19. Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS) is a rare condition characterized by an alveolar hypoventilation due to a deficient autonomic central control of ventilation and a global autonomic dysfunctio...

    Authors: Ha Trang, Martin Samuels, Isabella Ceccherini, Matthias Frerick, Maria Angeles Garcia-Teresa, Jochen Peters, Johannes Schoeber, Marek Migdal, Agneta Markstrom, Giancarlo Ottonello, Raffaele Piumelli, Maria Helena Estevao, Irena Senecic-Cala, Barbara Gnidovec-Strazisar, Andreas Pfleger, Raquel Porto-Abal…
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:252
  20. The introduction of new therapy modalities has significantly improved the outcome of aplastic anemia (AA) and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) patients. However, relatively little is known about the e...

    Authors: Kimmo Weisshaar, Hannah Ewald, Jörg Halter, Sabine Gerull, Sandra Schönfeld, Yuliya Senft, Maria Martinez, Anne Leuppi-Taegtmeyer, Nina Khanna, Birgit Maier, Antonio Risitano, Regis Peffault de Latour, Andre Tichelli, Jakob Passweg and Beatrice Drexler
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:249
  21. Patients diagnosed with inborn errors of metabolism (IBEM) often present with compromised bone health leading to low bone density, bone pain, fractures, and short stature. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA...

    Authors: Karamjot Sidhu, Bilal Ali, Lauren A. Burt, Steven K. Boyd and Aneal Khan
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:251
  22. We previously reported a novel clinically distinguishable subtype of congenital scoliosis (CS), namely, TBX6-associated congenital scoliosis (TACS). We further developed the TBX6-associated CS risk score (TACScor...

    Authors: Zefu Chen, Zihui Yan, Chenxi Yu, Jiaqi Liu, Yanbin Zhang, Sen Zhao, Jiachen Lin, Yuanqiang Zhang, Lianlei Wang, Mao Lin, Yingzhao Huang, Xiaoxin Li, Yuchen Niu, Shengru Wang, Zhihong Wu, Guixing Qiu…
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:250
  23. This study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of pantethine in children with pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN).

    Authors: Xuting Chang, Jie Zhang, Yuwu Jiang, Bufan Yao, Jingmin Wang and Ye Wu
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:248
  24. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT; alglucosidase alfa) has improved the prospects for patients with classic infantile Pompe disease considerably. However, over time we noticed that many of these children exhibit...

    Authors: J. J. A. van den Dorpel, E. Poelman, L. Harlaar, H. A. van Kooten, L. J. van der Giessen, P. A. van Doorn, A. T. van der Ploeg, J. M. P. van den Hout and N. A. M. E. van der Beek
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:247
  25. Approximately 50–70% of patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) could present with cervical lymphadenopathy associated with deep neck inflammation, which may result in Grisel’s syndrome (GS). Given the possibility...

    Authors: Xiaoliang Liu, Kaiyu Zhou, Yimin Hua, Mei Wu, Lei Liu, Shuran Shao and Chuan Wang
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:246
  26. GNE myopathy is an autosomal recessive adult-onset distal myopathy. While a few case reports have described the progression of GNE myopathy during pregnancy, to our knowledge, none have examined disease progre...

    Authors: Wakako Yoshioka, Naoyuki Miyasaka, Ryo Okubo, Reiko Shimizu, Yuji Takahashi, Yuriko Oda, Ichizo Nishino, Harumasa Nakamura and Madoka Mori-Yoshimura
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:245
  27. STAT3 hyper-IgE syndrome (STAT3-HIES) is a rare primary immunodeficiency that clinically overlaps with atopic dermatitis. In addition to eczema, elevated serum-IgE, and recurrent infections, STAT3-HIES patient...

    Authors: Iris Meixner, Beate Hagl, Carolin I. Kröner, Benedikt D. Spielberger, Ekaterini Paschos, Gregor Dückers, Tim Niehues, Ronny Hesse and Ellen D. Renner
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:244
  28. Krabbe disease or globoid cell leukodystrophy is a severe neurodegenerative disorder caused by a defect in the GALC gene leading to a deficiency of the enzyme ß-galactocerebrosidase. The aim of this work was to d...

    Authors: Sarah Isabel Krieg, Ingeborg Krägeloh-Mann, Samuel Groeschel, Stefanie Beck-Wödl, Ralf A. Husain, Ludger Schöls and Christiane Kehrer
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:243
  29. Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS) is a rare form of alpha-dystroglycanopathy characterized by muscular dystrophy and severe malformations of the CNS and eyes. Bi-allelic pathogenic variants in POMK are the cause of a...

    Authors: Luisa Paul, Katrin Rupprich, Adela Della Marina, Anja Stein, Magdeldin Elgizouli, Frank J. Kaiser, Bernd Schweiger, Angela Köninger, Antonella Iannaccone, Ute Hehr, Heike Kölbel, Andreas Roos, Ulrike Schara-Schmidt and Alma Kuechler
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:242
  30. Lung involvement in childhood Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is infrequent and rarely life threatening, but occasionally, severe presentations are observed.

    Authors: Solenne Le Louet, Mohamed-Aziz Barkaoui, Jean Miron, Claire Galambrun, Nathalie Aladjidi, Pascal Chastagner, Kamila Kebaili, Corinne Armari-Alla, Anne Lambilliotte, Julien Lejeune, Despina Moshous, Valeria Della Valle, Chiara Sileo, Hubert Ducou Le Pointe, Jean-François Chateil, Sylvain Renolleau…
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:241
  31. Desbuquois dysplasia (DBQD) was a rare autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia. Calcium activated nucleotidase 1 (CANT1) mutation was identified as a common pathogenic change for DBQD type 1 and Kim variant but no...

    Authors: Hong-Dan Wang, Liang-Jie Guo, Zhan-Qi Feng, Da-Wei Zhang, Meng-Ting Zhang, Yue Gao, Chuan-Liang Chen and Bo-Feng Zhu
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:240
  32. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Guang-wen Gong, Ying-chun Chen, Peng-qian Fang and Rui Min
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:239

    The original article was published in Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:137

  33. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Mendy M. Welsink-Karssies, Kim J. Oostrom, Merel E. Hermans, Carla E. M. Hollak, Mirian C. H. Janssen, Janneke G. Langendonk, Esmee Oussoren, M. Estela Rubio Gozalbo, Maaike de Vries, Gert J. Geurtsen and Annet M. Bosch
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:238

    The original article was published in Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:42

  34. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) and Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) are neurocutaneous disorders commonly characterized by neuropsychiatric comorbidities. The TAND (Tuberous Sclerosis Associated Neuropsychiatr...

    Authors: Francesca Cervi, Veronica Saletti, Katherine Turner, Angela Peron, Sara Bulgheroni, Matilde Taddei, Francesca La Briola, Maria Paola Canevini and Aglaia Vignoli
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:237
  35. Erdheim-Chester Disease (ECD) is a rare type of non-Langerhans histiocytosis. Skeletal structures are affected in over 95% ECD patients. Due to the lack of proper imaging assessment tools, the alteration of bo...

    Authors: Tianhua He, Lijia Cui, Na Niu, Fengdan Wang, Huilei Miao, Hao Zhao, Xuemin Gao, Chang Liu, Fan Yu, Yan Jiang, Ou Wang, Mei Li, Xiaoping Xing, Daobin Zhou, Jian Li, Xinxin Cao…
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:236
  36. Independent disease registries for pre-and post-approval of novel treatments for rare diseases are increasingly important for healthcare professionals, patients, regulators and the pharmaceutical industry. Cur...

    Authors: Carla E. M. Hollak, Sandra Sirrs, Sibren van den Berg, Vincent van der Wel, Mirjam Langeveld, Hanka Dekker, Robin Lachmann and Saco J. de Visser
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:235
  37. The Office of Orphan Products Development (OOPD) of the United States (U.S.) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has awarded over 700 grants to conduct clinical trials of medicals products for rare diseases sin...

    Authors: Kathleen L. Miller, Christine Mueller, Gumei Liu, Katherine I. Miller Needleman and Janet Maynard
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:234
  38. Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder in which hyperphagia (excessive appetite) is a hallmark feature. Understanding how weight changes over time in this population is important for...

    Authors: Caroline J. Vrana-Diaz, Priya Balasubramanian, Nathalie Kayadjanian, Jessica Bohonowych and Theresa V. Strong
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:233
  39. Pompe disease is a rare, progressive metabolic myopathy. The aim of this study is to investigate the associations of physical outcomes with patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in late-onset Pompe disease.

    Authors: Meng Yuan, Eleni-Rosalina Andrinopoulou, Michelle E. Kruijshaar, Aglina Lika, Laurike Harlaar, Ans T. van der Ploeg, Dimitris Rizopoulos and Nadine A. M. E. van der Beek
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:232
  40. Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood (AHC) is caused by mutations of the ATP1A3 gene which is expressed in brain areas that include structures controling autonomic, gastrointestinal, gut motility and GABAergic ...

    Authors: Milton Pratt, Julie Uchitel, Nancy McGreal, Kelly Gordon, Lyndsey Prange, Melissa McLean, Richard J. Noel, Blaire Rikard, Mary K. Rogers Boruta and Mohamad A. Mikati
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:231
  41. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: A. MacDonald, A. M. J. van Wegberg, K. Ahring, S. Beblo, A. Bélanger-Quintana, A. Burlina, J. Campistol, T. CoÅŸkun, F. Feillet, M. Giżewska, S. C. Huijbregts, V. Leuzzi, F. Maillot, A. C. Muntau, J. C. Rocha, C. Romani…
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:230

    The original article was published in Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:171

  42. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a relatively rare and life-threatening disorder. Early mortality remains significantly high among patients with HLH. Our aim was to investigate clinical features and...

    Authors: Xun Li, Haipeng Yan, Xinping Zhang, Jiaotian Huang, Shi-Ting Xiang, Zhenya Yao, Ping Zang, Desheng Zhu, Zhenghui Xiao and Xiulan Lu
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:229
  43. During the COVID-19 outbreak, the European Reference Network on Rare Bone Diseases (ERN BOND) coordination team and Italian rare bone diseases healthcare professionals created the “COVID-19 Helpline for Rare B...

    Authors: E. Brizola, G. Adami, G. I. Baroncelli, M. F. Bedeschi, P. Berardi, S. Boero, M. L. Brandi, L. Casareto, E. Castagnola, P. Fraschini, D. Gatti, S. Giannini, M. V. Gonfiantini, V. Landoni, A. Magrelli, G. Mantovani…
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:228
  44. Keratoconus (KC) is a common, degenerative disorder of the cornea, and genetic factors play a key role in its development. However, the genetic etiology of KC is still unclear. This study used the family of tw...

    Authors: Xiao-dan Hao, Xiu-nian Chen, Yang-yang Zhang, Peng Chen, Chao Wei, Wei-yun Shi and Hua Gao
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:227
  45. Rare disease patients often struggle to find both medical advice and emotional support for their diagnosis. Consequently, many rare disease patient support forums have appeared on hospital webpages, social med...

    Authors: James Gow, Colin Moffatt and Jamie Blackport
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:226
  46. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is associated with more deleterious outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombo...

    Authors: Cai Yue, Jian Su, Xiaohong Fan, Li Song, Wei Jiang, Jinghua Xia, Tao Shi, Xuan Zhang and Xuemei Li
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:225
  47. Pricing and reimbursement decisions for orphan drugs are faced with differences access between European countries depending on each reimbursement policies, evaluation processes and timings. In 2013, the therap...

    Authors: Xavier Badia, Tania Vico, John Shepherd, Alicia Gil, José Luis Poveda-Andrés and César Hernández
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:224
  48. Early blindness secondary to incurable retinal detachment is one of the main complications of incontinentia pigmenti (IP). The efficiency of ophthalmological management for preventing such evolution has not been ...

    Authors: Sarah Michel, Clothilde Reynaud, Alejandra Daruich, Smail Hadj-Rabia, Dominique Bremond-Gignac, Christine Bodemer and Matthieu P. Robert
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:223
  49. Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disease and characterized by clinical features such as paroxysmal, recurrent angioedema of the skin, the gastrointestinal tract, and the upper airways. Swelling of...

    Authors: Markus Magerl, Holger Gothe, Simon Krupka, Anja Lachmann and Christoph Ohlmeier
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020 15:221

    The Correction to this article has been published in Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2021 16:97