Table 1 Differences in clinical characteristics and doppler parameters in the umbilical artery thrombosis (UAT) fetuses and control groups

Clinical characteristics

Maternal age (years)

29.80 ± 4.23

30.00 ± 3.83

0.764

BMI (kg/m²)

21.16 (19.58–3.04)

21.49 (19.23–23.33)

0.930

GA at diagnosis (weeks)

30.6 (25.0-35.2)

31.2 (24.0-36.5)

0.191

GA at delivery (weeks)

36.1 (32.2–38.1)

38.7(38.3–39.3)

<0.001

GDM

17/76 (22.4)

0 (0.0)

<0.001

GH

11/76 (14.5)

2/76 (2.6)

0.009

Chronic thyroid disease

5/76 (6.6)

0 (0.0)

0.023

Coagulation function abnormalities

3/76 (3.9)

0 (0.0)

0.081

Abnormal amniotic fluid

12/76 (15.8)

0 (0.0)

<0.001

Birth weight (g)

2430 (1625–2975)

3163.13(2892–3345)

<0.001

Apgar 1-min

9.1 (10.0, 10.0)

10 (10, 10)

<0.001

Apgar 5-min

9.2 (10.0, 10.0)

10 (10, 10)

0.004

UC abnormalities

28/76 (36.8)

3/76 (3.9)

<0.001

Cesarean section

59/76 (77.6)

33/76 (43.4)

<0.001

Doppler parameters

UA- PSV (cm/s)

43.40 (34.90-53.18)

43.05 (35.34–49.82)

0.704

UA- EDV (cm/s)

21.84 (15.59–26.64)

16.40 (12.43–20.70)

<0.001

UA-PI

0.68 (0.57–0.84)

0.92 (0.79–1.11)

<0.001

UA-RI

0.51 (0.44–0.59)

0.62 (0.55–0.68)

<0.001

MCA- PSV (cm/s)

54.60 (48.00-61.34)

44.47 (29.66–57.60)

<0.001

MCA- EDV (cm/s)

11.19 (7.84–17.60)

8.22 (5.21-12.00)

<0.001

MCA-PI

1.29 (0.98–1.47)

1.71 (1.56–1.89)

<0.001

MCA-RI

0.79 (0.66–0.85)

0.81 (0.78–0.84)

0.047

CPR

1.84 (1.45–2.36)

1.84 (1.60–2.20)

0.704

DV-PIV

0.6 (0.47–0.87)

0.45 (0.37–0.55)

<0.001

UtA-PI

0.63 (0.52–0.72)

0.66 (0.55–0.76)

0.090