From: The spectrum of neurological presentation in individuals affected by TBL1XR1 gene defects
Disorder | Gene | Inheritance | ASD | Regression | Seizures | GI issues | Sleep | Behavioral issues | Systemic involvement | Unique features | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Self-injury | Repetitive behaviors | ||||||||||
TBL1XR1/Pierpont syndromea | TBL1XR1 | AD | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | ++ | ++ | Renal and cardiac anomalies, anal malformation | Fetal fat pads, high forehead |
Phelan McDermid syndrome | SHANK3 | AD | ++++ | +++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++++ | Renal and cardiac anomalies, hypothyroidism | Heat intolerance, fleshy hands, dysplastic toenails |
Pitt-Hopkins syndrome | TCF4 | AD | +++ | – | ++ | ++++ | + | +++ | ++++ | Paradoxical breathing pattern | Coarse facial features, overriding toes, fetal fat pads, peaked philtrum |
Fragile X syndrome | FMR1 | XLD | ++ | – | + | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | Macroorchidism cardiac anomalies | Long face, large/prominent ears, high-arched palate, and prominent jaw |
Rett syndrome | MECP2 | XLD | ++/+++ | ++++ | +++/+++ | ++ | ++ | ++/+++ | ++++ | Paradoxical breathing pattern, vision, cardiac involvement | Stereotypic hand movement, loss of purposeful hand movement |
Angelman syndrome | UBE3A | AD | +++ | – | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | ++ | +/++++ | Vision | Happy disposition, frequent laughter, excitable personality |