Fig. 4

The results of subgroup analyses of OS (a) and ALSFRS-R (b). Note: In the subgroup analysis, the cut-off value for a continuous variable is determined as the median of that variable. Regarding the year of publication, 2009 serves as a cut-off value because the American Academy of Neurology Quality Standards Subcommittee updated their guidelines in that year, highlighting the importance of multidisciplinary care in optimizing medical services and prolonging survival in patients with ALS. Year, the time of publication; Age, age at onset of disease; Basic treatment, whether to receive symptomatic or other treatment; Male, the percentage of men; Riluzole, Proportion of patients receiving riluzole; ALSFRS-R, the Baseline ALSFRS-R scores valve; Duration, the time since first symptom onset; Bulbar, proportion of individuals with bulbar onset