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Table 3 Items included in Profile Factors, Factor Loadings, Communality’s, and Frequency of Item Endorsement

From: The Prader-Willi syndrome Profile: validation of a new measure of behavioral and emotional problems in Prader-Willi syndrome

Factors and Profile Items

Factor Loading

Communality

% Sometimes or Somewhat True

% Very True or Often True

(1) Rigidity, Insistence

Avoids taking responsibility for mistakes

0.681

0.600

42.4%

33.3%

Disagrees for the sake of disagreement

0.672

0.524

37.8%

18.3%

Insists his/her own opinions are correct even when facts contradict them (e.g., You changed your hair color. No, it’s the same color. No, you changed it.)

0.671

0.632

37.5%

29.4%

Difficulty taking others point of view (has difficulty seeing that others have views, needs, or emotions that are different from their own)

0.651

0.627

44.5%

31.3%

Seems to finally understand something only after other people get really mad

0.609

0.430

44.1%

18.0%

Rigid or concrete thinking, things are either black/white, all/none, right/wrong

0.600

0.623

36.8%

44.4%

Difficulty controlling volume of their voice

0.588

0.527

36.9%

38.9%

Wants his/her own way all the time, unwilling to compromise

0.549

0.568

51.4%

24.4%

Needs others to acknowledge that he/she is right or doing things correctly (overly concerned about being wrong, or overly defensive when told he/she is incorrect)

0.434

0.542

36.2%

39.1%

(2) Aggressive Behaviors

Physically aggressive (e.g., swings at others if too close; may throw items, hit, kick, spit)

0.822

0.752

39.1%

8.8%

Has instances of rage (anger directed toward others that may cause injury or harm property)

0.792

0.702

34.3%

9.1%

When angry, will destroy items of personal value

0.760

0.673

30.2%

10.0%

Is verbally aggressive (e.g., argues, yells, screams, loud voice-demands to be heard, gets in your face, may make threatening gestures)

0.650

0.645

41.8%

18.8%

Seeks to intimidate (gets to close when angry, attempts to appear threatening)

0.61

0.590

24.0%

8.0%

Has temper tantrums contained to him/herself (e.g., cries, screams, throws self on ground, holds breath, stomps feet)

0.574

0.500

47.4%

21.2%

Needs to test boundaries or rules, especially with new people or in new settings

0.455

0.542

36.2%

29.2%

Acts impulsively before considering the consequences

0.435

0.574

44.8%

27.8%

Shuts down after aggressive or upsetting episode, doesn’t respond to name or redirection

0.404

0.490

35.8%

24.1%

(3) Repetitive Questioning, Speech

Repeatedly asks about people, events, or situations

0.768

0.743

32.5%

53.3%

Is stuck on specific topic(s) in conversations (starts conversations with topic, brings conversation back to topic)

0.756

0.728

34.6%

53.1%

Asks or says the same or similar things over and over again

0.714

0.689

32.6%

54.3%

Overly preoccupied with a certain person(s), (e.g., talks/ asks about person, needs reassurance about that person, needs to be in contact with person)

0.605

0.566

35.7%

28.0%

Speech is intense, pressurized, or fast, interrupts others to say things

0.507

0.570

38.8%

33.6%

(4) Compulsive Behaviors

Insists that daily routines (e.g., events, meals, self-care, routes to home, school, work) happen in the same way

0.670

0.614

37.1%

43.6%

Arranges items until they are just right (e.g., cards, toys, books, collections)

0.656

0.591

32.0%

23.0%

Difficulty changing from one activity to another, gets stuck

0.632

0.625

48.5%

34.8%

Checks on things (e.g., items in room, backpack) to make sure they are still there and as they left them

0.580

0.568

33.7%

26.6%

(5) Depressed, Anxious

Looks/seems sad or unhappy

0.710

0.648

30.0%

4.7%

Has a negative outlook on life (expects that things won’t go his/her way, pessimistic)

0.614

0.666

21.8%

8.6%

Doesn’t actively seek the company of others (unlikely to join in social activities)

0.581

0.470

38.4%

17.3%

Overly focused on minor bodily issues or health concerns, complains of aches or fatigue

0.547

0.420

38.9%

15.9%

Easily frustrated (may give up quickly or become upset with tasks that require any effort)

0.476

0.527

48.9%

25.3%

Seems uptight or wound up or unable to relax

0.420

0.483

38.4%

13.2%

Becomes physically agitated when nervous (e.g., moves around, paces, rocks, rubs hands together, moves with intensity)

0.410

0.454

31.7%

25.1%

(6) Hoarding

Saves or collects items that you would likely throw away or recycle (e.g., junk mail, old school papers, boxes, wrappers, notes, pictures, old pencils, magazines)

0.830

0.771

25.9%

33.2%

Has difficulty throwing or giving away items that he/she doesn’t use (needs to keep items as they are mine or just in case items are needed)

0.824

0.802

29.5%

35.4%

Saves or collects items around a specific interest or theme (e.g., baby dolls, puzzles, Harry Potter, trains, animals, Disney characters, TV shows)

0.710

0.611

28.2%

40.4%

(7) Negative Distorted Thinking

Misinterprets or over personalizes others’ actions as negative (e.g., a strangers’ frown means they are mad at him/her)

0.710

0.705

32.2%

15.9%

Feels that others intentionally bother or annoy them

0.662

0.657

37.2%

14.6%

Easily slighted, feels as if treated unfairly

0.630

0.672

35.9%

16.9%

(8) Magical Distorted Thinking

Insists that strangers are people they know (e.g., That girl was in my class last year)

0.764

0.705

28.9%

16.4%

Misinterprets others’ actions as overly positive (e.g., a strangers’ smile, or casual greeting means they are a friend)

0.634

0.600

39.3%

19.6%

States that TV or other fictional characters are real (e.g., Harry Potter, Twilight, Disney)

0.602

0.500

22.9%

14.3%