Table 1 Mean scores in the sections of the pragmatic awareness questionnaire

1. Intelligibility

3.03 (0.95)

1–4

2. Paralinguistic aspects

2.96 (0.55)

2–4

3. Distance in communication

3.32 (1.21)

2–5

4. Physical contact

3.49 (1.32)

2–5

5. Body posture

3.14 (0.13)

3–4

6. Using and performing gestures

3.31 (0.97)

3–5

7. Facial expression

4.11 (0.58)

3–5

8. Gaze

3.24 (0.10)

3–4

9. Use of synonyms

2.70 (0.63)

2–4

10. Number of known and used words

3.23 (1.19)

2–5

11. Interpretation of ambiguous expressions and comments

1.86 (0.75)

1–3

12. Understanding and reacting to irony

1.69 (0.22)

1–2

13. Understanding and reacting to humor

2.48 (0.42)

2–4

14. Word construction

2.71 (0.65)

2–3

15. Appropriate grammatical structure

2.61 (0.61)

2–3

16. Ordered relationship of ideas

2.36 (0.35)

2–3

17. Adapting the communicative style to the context

2.55 (0.48)

2–4

18. Adapting the topics to the conversation

2.48 (0.25)

2–3

19. Subject changes in the conversation

2.51 (0.27)

2–3

20. Maintaining and following the conversation

2.48 (0.19)

2–3

21. Response time to a question

2.74 (0.67)

2–3

22. Interrupting when other interlocutors are speaking

2.53 (0.22)

2–3

23. Quantity of information

2.75 (0.59)

2–3

24. Understanding other people in conversation

2.90 (0.63)

2–3

25. Understanding towards other people in the conversation

3.0 (1.0)

2–4

Mean global score

2.80 (0.91)

1–5