Therapeutic effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on patients with spastic cerebral palsy and Rett syndrome: clinical and ultrasonographic findings

Table 2 Clinical measurement results at baseline and after 4 weeks and 12 weeks of ESWT

	RETT measurements				CP measurements				Comparison of two groups
Variables (Mean ± SEM)	1 (Baseline)	2 (4 weeks)	3 (12 weeks)	p^a	1 (Baseline)	2 (4 weeks)	3 (12 weeks)	p^a	p^b	p^c
MAS of lower extremity flexor
	4.00 ± 0.26	3.50 ± 0.43	3.33 ± 0.49	0.061	2.20 ± 0.30^§	1.63 ± 0.31	1.50 ± 0.28^§	0.011*	0.003**	0.930
Ankle PROM (º)
	57.08 ± 3.68	58.33 ± 3.07	58.33 ± 3.07	0.135	47.50 ± 3.88	55.00 ± 2.20	55.50 ± 2.07	0.002**	0.177	0.020*
GMFM-88 Variables Score (%)
Lying and Rolling	68.30 ± 11.63	68.63 ± 11.49	68.95 ± 11.36	0.368	66.93 ± 8.94	67.45 ± 8.83	68.24 ± 8.70	0.305	0.936	0.586
Sitting	53.33 ± 11.46	53.33 ± 11.46	53.33 ± 11.46	1.000	46.33 ± 10.81	49.44 ± 10.76	49.00 ± 10.71	0.079	0.410	0.091
Crawling and Kneeling	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	1.000	29.21 ± 11.08	30.16 ± 11.11	30.16 ± 11.11	0.135	0.079	0.153
Standing	20.94 ± 13.08	21.79 ± 13.53	22.22 ± 13.93	0.156	29.40 ± 9.70	31.11 ± 9.90	31.79 ± 10.04	0.076	0.866	0.440
Walking/Running/Jumping	16.67 ± 11.08	16.90 ± 11.31	17.36 ± 11.51	0.156	23.70 ± 8.69	25.46 ± 9.05	27.69 ± 9.44	0.003**	0.968	0.083
Total	31.85 ± 8.93	32.13 ± 9.04	32.37 ± 9.13	0.030*	39.11 ± 8.86^§	40.73 ± 8.93	41.37 ± 9.06^§	0.000***	0.938	0.030*

p value: *< 0.05, **< 0.01, ***< 0.001
p^a: Comparison between three assessing time points, Friedman's two-way analysis of variance
p^b: Comparison between the group of Rett syndrome and CP at baseline, Mann–Whitney Test
p^c: Comparison of the alteration from baseline to 12 weeks between the group of Rett syndrome and CP, GEE
^§: Comparison between baseline and 12th week, p value: < 0.05, multiple comparison of Friedman's two-way analysis of variance
CP Cerebral palsy, RETT Rett syndrome, SEM standard error of the mean, MAS Modified Ashworth Scale, PROM Passive range of motion, GMFM Gross motor function measure

ISSN: 1750-1172