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Table 3 Association between binary retinal vessel density and the presence of excessive postoperative bleeding

From: Association of preoperative retinal microcirculation and perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing congenital cardiac surgery

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

OR (95% CI)

P value

OR (95% CI)

P value

OR (95% CI)

P value

Mean DCP, %

 High (> 46.75)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Low (≤ 46.75)

1.25 (1.09–1.43)

0.001*

1.26 (1.09–1.45)

0.002*

1.24 (1.08–1.43)

0.003*

DCP-parafovea, %

 High (> 56.16)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Low (≤ 56.16)

1.20 (1.08–1.32)

< 0.001*

1.20 (1.08–1.32)

0.001*

1.19 (1.07–1.32)

0.001*

DCP-perifovea, %

 High (> 48.14)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Low (≤ 48.14)

1.27 (1.11–1.45)

< 0.001*

1.28 (1.11–1.47)

< 0.001*

1.26 (1.10–1.45)

< 0.001*

  1. Model 1: univariate; Model 2: adjusted for age, sex and body mass index; Model 3: adjusted each factor for model 2 plus cyanosis, STAT mortality category, cardiopulmonary bypass time, haematocrit and international normalized ratio
  2. Retinal vessel density is divided into two categories according to cut-off points at the point of maximal sum of sensitivity and specificity using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve
  3. Abbreviations: DCP, deep capillary plexus; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence intervals; STAT, Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery
  4. *Significant statistical difference, P < 0.05