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Table 1 Summary of cohort studies involving individuals enrolled in an Undiagnosed Diseases Program (UDP)

From: International Undiagnosed Diseases Programs (UDPs): components and outcomes

Study/UDP name

UDP location

Study information

Period

Sample

Program for Undiagnosed Rare Diseases [31]

Belgium

Outcomes of UDP

July 2015–June 2020

329 individuals

Care4Rare Canada Consortium [25]

Canada

Outcomes of three continuous programs of UDP

April 2011–2021

1806 families

Solve-RD [21]

Europe

Outcomes of reanalysis cohort

2020

4703 individuals

Italian Undiagnosed Rare Diseases Network [30]

Italy

Outcomes of UDP

March 2016–June 2019

71 individuals

Initiative on Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, IRUD [34]

Japan

Outcomes of UDP

2015–March 2021

6301 families

KUDP [27]

Korea

Outcomes of Phase I of program

2018–2020

458 individuals

Singapore UDP [24]

Singapore

Outcomes of UDP

August 2014–July 2019

275 individuals

South Africa UDP [29]

South Africa

Outcomes of first 100 analyses

October 2020–2022

100 individuals

SpainUDP [28]

Spain

Outcomes of UDP

October 2015–May 2018

147 individuals

Karolinska Centre for Rare Diseases [33]

Sweden

Outcomes of UDP

2015–2019

3219 individuals

100,000 Genomes Project [32]

UK

Outcomes of 2-year pilot

January 2014–December 2016

2183 families

Undiagnosed Disease Network [20]

US

Outcomes of UDP

July 2015–September 2019

964 individuals

UDP-Vic [26]

Victoria, Australia

Outcomes of UDP

March 2016–June 2018

150 families

  1. Sample refers to the number of probands/families enrolled in the cohort study, not necessarily all those involved in the UDP. UDPs are referred to throughout using the UDP location rather than the UDP name for uniformity. Webpages linked provide further up-to-date information, where available
  2. UDP Undiagnosed diseases program, WGS Whole genome sequencing