Fig. 3

Scatter plots and growth curves of head circumference (HC) for (A) male and (B) female achondroplasia patients. The x-axis represents the age of months, and the y-axis represents the head circumference. Growth curves show the mean value of HC with 95% confidence intervals in whitish areas. The category represents Korean achondroplasia patients (K_achondroplasia), patients with hydrocephalus (HCP), and patients who underwent foramen magnum decompression (FMD) or ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt among HCP with corresponding colors. HC of the Korean general population (K_general) is shown in black lines with ± 2 standard deviation (SD) values in dotted lines. Among patients with HCP, three male patients underwent VP shunt at 5, 6, and 19 months of age, and two female patients underwent VP shunt at 35 and 36 months of age