Fig. 1

Progression rate estimates with respect to age. Each data point is an estimate of the progression rate for two adjacent radiographs of a patient. The age is the mid-point of the ages associated with those two radiographs. The curves were fitted results of LOESS regressions, and the shaded areas were the corresponding standard error envelopes. A All data points of progression rate estimates, including estimates for patients without scoliosis (many were zero-valued), were used. B Only positive data points were used. C The data points were stratified according the onset age groups. EOS early onset, LOS late onset, ‘unknown’ all other patients with scoliosis