Table 3 Details of empirical medications, categorized by class and by efficacy in Peak phase
Medication class | Number of patients | Single most effective medicine for each patient during peak of episodes | Additional effective medicationsa endorsed by parents |
|---|---|---|---|
Non-opioid painkillers | 5 | Paracetamol (2) | |
Opioid painkillers | 5 | Hydromorphone Oxycodone | |
Psychotropic medications and sedatives: anti-anxiety, antidepressant, anti-psychotic | 10 | Clonazepam (2) Lorazepam Diazepam (2) Chloral hydrate Nortriptyline | Lorazepam (3) Diazepam Chloral hydrate Clonazepam |
GERD/GI medications | 9 | Daily enema | |
Anti-epileptic, neuralgic, dystonia | 11 | Medical marijuana/THC (2) | Medical marijuana/THC (2) Phenobarbital |
Anti-adrenergic | 7 | Clonidine (2) | Clonidine (4) Tizanidine |
Beta blocker | 2 | Propranolol | Atenolol (tachycardia) |
Miscellaneous | 4 | Atenolol (tachycardia) Ondansetron injection (severe nausea) Tetrabanazine | |
Non-prescription sleep aids | 4 | Dream (melatonin, gabapentin, chamomile extract) |