Table 3 Muscle fat infiltration (MFI) and fat-free muscle volumes (FFMV) in the thighs in participants with achondroplasia (ACH) compared to UK Biobank controls, matched for BMI, gender, and (partly) for age
Stenosis group | ACH (n = 25) | Controls (n = 50) | Unadjusted | Adjusted for agea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Difference (95% CI) | Difference (95% CI) | P value | |
Age, years | 44.5 (16.2) | 54.4 (6.7) | − 9.8 ( − 13.1 to − 6.5) | ||
BMI, kg/m2 | 35.5 (6.2) | 34.5 (5.0) | 1.0 (0.2 to 1.9) | 1.7 (0.7 to 2.8) | < 0.01 |
MFI anterior, % | 12.2 (5.2) | 8.3 (2.5) | 3.9 (2.3 to 5.5) | 4.7 (2.9 to 6.4) | < 0.01 |
MFI posterior, % | 14.0 (4.4) | 12.4 (3.0) | 1.7 (0.1 to 3.2) | 2.6 (0.9 to 4.2) | < 0.01 |
MFI total, % | 13.4 (4.4) | 10.9 (2.8) | 2.5 (1.0 to 4.0) | 3.3 (1.7 to 4.9) | < 0.01 |
FFMV anterior, L | 1.8 (0.7) | 4.1 (1.1) | − 2.3 ( − 2.7 to − 2.0) | − 2.3 ( − 2.7 to − 1.9) | < 0.01 |
FFMV posterior, L | 4.2 (1.3) | 7.7 (1.7) | − 3.5 ( − 4.1 to − 3.0) | − 3.4 ( − 4.0 to − 2.7) | < 0.01 |
FFMV Total, L | 6.0 (1.9) | 11.9 (2.7) | − 5.9 ( − 6.7 to − 5.0) | − 5.6 ( − 6.6 to − 4.6) | < 0.01 |
Non-stenosis group | ACH (n = 15) | Controls (n = 30) | Unadjusted | Adjusted for age a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 24.4 (7.8) | 50.2 (2.4) | − 25.8 ( − 28.9 to − 22.8) | ||
BMI, kg/m2 | 29.6 (5.2) | 29.4 (4.8) | 0.1 ( − 0.3 to 0.6) | 0.1 ( − 1.2 to 1.4) | 0.89 |
MFI anterior, % | 7.2 (1.4) | 7.0 (1.5) | 0.2 ( − 0.4 to 0.8) | 0.9 ( − 0.9 to 2.8) | 0.35 |
MFI posterior, % | 8.6 (1.9) | 10.5 (2.3) | − 1.9 ( − 3.0 to − 0.9) | − 1.9 ( − 4.9 to 1.2) | 0.22 |
MFI total, % | 8.2 (1.7) | 9.3 (2.0) | − 1.1 ( − 2.0 to − 0.2) | − 0.9 ( − 3.4 to 1.8) | 0.51 |
FFMV anterior, L | 1.9 (0.4) | 4.0 (0.8) | − 2.1 ( − 2.4 to − 1.8) | − 1.4 ( − 2.3 to − 0.6) | < 0.01 |
FFMV posterior, L | 4.4 (0.8) | 7.5 (1.6) | − 3.0 ( − 3.5 to − 2.5) | − 1.4 ( − 2.7 to − 0.1) | 0.04 |
FFMV total, L | 6.4 (1.2) | 11.5 (2.4) | − 5.1 ( − 5.9 to − 4.3) | − 2.7 ( − 4.8 to − 0.8) | < 0.01 |