Table 4 Summary of respiratory comorbidities found in patients with MDS reported in the literature, excluding respiratory infections; NR = not reported

Asthma

–

–

7/35 (20%)

[5, 18, 32, 40, 72]

Breathing problems

–

–

30/98 (31%)

[4, 5, 14, 37, 43, 54, 67, 71, 78]

Chronic coughing/wheezing

3/5

1/4

4/9 (44%)

[43, 72, 81, 82]

Pulmonary hypertension

–

–

5/111 (5%)

[5, 65, 77]

Bronchomalacia

2/2

NR

2/2 (100%)

[24, 32]

Laryngomalacia/pharyngomalacia

7/19

3/4

10/23 (43%)

[11, 32, 40, 43, 71, 82]

Tracheomalacia

4/21

NR

4/21 (19%)

[11, 14, 32, 40, 82]