Craniofacial and dentoalveolar morphology in individuals with Prader–Willi syndrome: a case-control study

Table 3 Cephalometric measurements for PWS individuals and control group under 12 years of age

Measurement		PWS < 12 years (n = 12)		Control < 12 years (n = 47)		Difference	t-test p value
Measurement		Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Difference	t-test p value
Basal sagittal
n-s-ba	Degree	129.2	7.0	131.3	3.2	− 2.1	0.14
s-n-A	Degree	81.1	5.3	81.1	2.8	0	0.98
s-n-B	Degree	76.1	5.5	78.1	2.8	− 2.0	0.08
A-n-B	Degree	5.0	2.4	3.1	1.9	+ 1.9	0.003
A ḻ n-pg	mm	4.3	2.2	2.1	1.8	+ 2.2	0.001
Basal vertical
NL/NSL	Degree	11.6	4.5	7.2	2.9	+ 4.4	0.006
ML/NSL	Degree	35.9	7.4	31.3	3.7	+ 4.6	0.003
ML/NL	Degree	24.3	7.6	24.1	3.7	+ 0.2	0.87
FA/n-ba	Degree	88.2	5.4	92.6	3.2	− 4.4	0.001
Anterior face height
n-sp	mm	46.0	4.3	41.9	2.9	+ 4.1	0.007
sp-gn	mm	57.7	6.1	53.6	3.6	+ 4.1	0.003
n-sp/sp-gn	%	80.1	6.6	78.5	6.2	+ 1.6	0.42
Dental
Ii to A-pg	mm	1.5	2.3	0.6	1.4	+ 0.9	0.10
ILi/A-pg	Degree	20.7	4.1	18.4	5.8	+ 2.3	0.24
ILi/ML	Degree	93.6	5.4	91.3	6.0	+ 2.3	0.28
Is to A-pg	mm	4.5	3.5	3.6	1.9	+ 0.9	0.28
ILs/A-pg	Degree	26.1	8.4	23.4	6.1	+ 2.7	0.24
ILs/NSL	Degree	96.3	7.7	99.2	6.9	− 2.9	0.24
ILi/ILs	Degree	133.2	9.4	138.2	10.4	− 5.0	0.17

Basal sagittal—n-s-ba: cranial base inclination, s-n-A: maxillary prognathism, s-n-B: mandibular prognathism, A-n-B: relative prognathism, A ḻ n-pg: facial convexity
Basal vertical—NL/NSL: maxillary inclination, ML/NSL: mandibular inclination, ML/NL: mand./max. inclination, FA/n-ba: facial axis
Anterior face height—n-sp: upper anterior face height, sp-gn: lower anterior face height, n-sp/sp-gn: ratio
Dental—Ii to A-pg: lower incisor protrusion, ILi/A-pg: lower incisor inclination to A-pg, ILi/ML: lower incisor inclination to ML, Is to A-pg: upper incisor protrusion, ILs/A-pg: upper incisor inclination to A-pg, ILs/NSL: upper incisor inclination to NSL, ILi/ILs: interincisor angle

ISSN: 1750-1172