Table 2 Functional abilities in PACS1-NDD by epilepsy diagnosis, and autism diagnosis
From: PACS1-Neurodevelopmental disorder: clinical features and trial readiness
Total (N = 35) | Epilepsy diagnosis (N = 17) | No epilepsy diagnosis (N = 15)a | P valueb | Autism diagnosis (N = 12) | Autism features (N = 11) | No diagnosis (N = 8)c | P valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Communication | ||||||||
Effectively communicates with everyone | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (7%) | 0.27 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (13%) | 0.81 |
Effectively communicates with adults | 11 (31%) | 4 (24%) | 6 (40%) | 6 (50%) | 2 (18%) | 2 (25%) | ||
Effectively communicates with familiar people | 7 (20%) | 3 (18%) | 3 (20%) | 2 (17%) | 3 (27%) | 1 (13%) | ||
Inconsistently communicates | 7 (20%) | 4 (24%) | 2 (13%) | 2 (17%) | 3 (27%) | 2 (25%) | ||
Seldom communicates | 2 (6%) | 1 (6%) | 1 (7%) | 1 (8%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (13%) | ||
Fine motor | ||||||||
Holds large objects | 4 (11%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (27%) | 0.03 | 1 (8%) | 1 (9%) | 1 (13%) | 1 |
Pincer grasp | 27 (77%) | 14 (82%) | 10 (67%) | 10 (83%) | 9 (82%) | 6 (75%) | ||
Gross motor | ||||||||
Median score (IQR, max = 10) | 8.5 (8–9.8) | 8 (7.25–9) | 9 (8–10) | 0.56 | 9 (7.5–9.5) | 9 (8–9.8) | 8 (7.5–9.5) | 0.30 |
Academic skills | ||||||||
Yes | 16 (46%) | 6 (35%) | 7 (47%) | 1.00 | 7 (58%) | 6 (55%) | 3 (38%) | 0.52 |
No | 13 (37%) | 6 (35%) | 7 (47%) | 4 (33%) | 2 (18%) | 4 (50%) | ||
Toileting | ||||||||
Independent | 10 (29%) | 3 (18%) | 6 (40%) | 0.12 | 2 (17%) | 2 (18%) | 3 (38%) | 0.86 |
Partially dependent | 11 (31%) | 5 (29%) | 6 (40%) | 6 (50%) | 1 (9%) | 4 (50%) | ||
Completely dependent | 7 (20%) | 4 (24%) | 1 (7%) | 2 (17%) | 3 (27%) | 3 (38%) | ||
Eating | ||||||||
Independent | 15 (43%) | 6 (35%) | 8 (53%) | 0.69 | 6 (50%) | 4 (36%) | 4 (50%) | 0.91 |
Some assistance | 8 (23%) | 4 (24%) | 2 (13%) | 3 (25%) | 3 (27%) | 1 (13%) | ||
Considerable assistance | 2 (6%) | 1 (6%) | 1 (7%) | 1 (8%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (13%) | ||
Dependent | 4 (11%) | 1 (6%) | 3 (20%) | 1 (8%) | 1 (9%) | 1 (13%) | ||
Nocturnal awakenings | ||||||||
6–7 nights/week | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.21 | 0 (0%) | 1 (9%) | 0 (0%) | 0.97 |
3–5 nights/week | 3 (9%) | 2 (12%) | 1 (7%) | 3 (25%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
1–2 nights/week | 7 (20%) | 4 (24%) | 2 (13%) | 1 (8%) | 3 (27%) | 2 (25%) | ||
< 1 night/week | 5 (14%) | 2 (12%) | 3 (20%) | 3 (25%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (25%) | ||
Never | 10 (29%) | 3 (18%) | 5 (33%) | 3 (25%) | 2 (18%) | 4 (50%) | ||