Table 1 Clinical manifestations in patients with congenital cataracts with and without congenital heart defects
From: Clinical and genetic findings in patients with congenital cataract and heart diseases
Variable | CC with CHD (N) | CC without CHD (N) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Total number of patients | 102 | 146 | |
Gender | 0.856 | ||
Male | 54 | 79 | |
Female | 48 | 67 | |
Obstetric history | |||
Premature birth | 16 | 6 | 0.002 |
Pregnancy with rubella, diabetes, rash, and cold | 3 | 0 | 0.068 |
Family history of cataract | 0.601 | ||
Maternal inheritance | 3 | 8 | 0.533 |
Paternal inheritance | 0 | 2 | 0.541 |
De novo | 97 | 132 | 0.172 |
Unavailable data | 2 | 4 | 1 |
Cataract | 0.897 | ||
Unilateral | 28 | 39 | |
Bilateral | 74 | 107 | |
Ocular findings | |||
Pure lens opacity | 70 | 93 | 0.421 |
Vitreous opacity | 12 | 9 | 0.119 |
Strabismus | 8 | 21 | 0.115 |
Nystagmus | 8 | 13 | 0.768 |
Ocular dysplasia | 4 | 3 | 0.45 |
Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) | 4 | 3 | 0.45 |
Lens dislocation | 3 | 6 | 0.74 |
Angular nearly | 1 | 0 | 0.411 |
Epicanthus | 1 | 0 | 0.411 |
Fluid area above right eye bulb | 1 | 0 | 0.411 |
Congenital glaucoma | 1 | 3 | 0.646 |
Hypermyopia | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Hyperpresbyopia | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Congenital pupil atresia | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Ptosis | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Posterior cystic mass of the eyeball | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Developmental abnormalities | |||
Brain CT abnormalities | 11 | 12 | 0.493 |
Down's syndrome | 4 | 0 | 0.028 |
Developmental retardation | 3 | 0 | 0.068 |
Deafness | 3 | 2 | 0.405 |
Limb malformation | 2 | 0 | 0.168 |
Mental retardation | 1 | 2 | 1 |
External auditory canal atresia | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Anal atresia | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Other diseases | |||
Benign Myospasm | 1 | 0 | 0.411 |
Colopathy | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Leg cramps | 1 | 0 | 0.411 |
Hypothyroidism | 1 | 0 | 0.411 |
Epilepsy | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Congenital diabetes | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Galactosemia | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Congenital heart defects | |||
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)* | 73 | 0 | 0 |
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) | 17 | 0 | 0 |
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) | 15 | 0 | 0 |
Tricuspid regurgitation, Ebstein anomaly, tricuspid insufficiency | 7 | 0 | 0.002 |
Pulmonary hypertension (PAH) | 6 | 0 | 0.004 |
Pulmonary valve stenosis | 5 | 0 | 0.011 |
Permanent left superior lumen artery | 3 | 0 | 0.068 |
Pulmonary stenosis | 2 | 0 | 0.168 |
Mitral regurgitation | 1 | 0 | 0.411 |
Left ventricular diastolic function decreased | 1 | 0 | 0.411 |
Left bundle branch block | 1 | 0 | 0.411 |
Coronary artery aortic fistula | 1 | 0 | 0.411 |
Fallot's triad | 1 | 0 | 0.411 |