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Fig. 1 | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases

Fig. 1

From: A comprehensive review of hydroxyurea for β-haemoglobinopathies: the role revisited during COVID-19 pandemic

Fig. 1

Effects of hydroxyurea in haemoglobinopathies. Hydroxyurea exerts favourable changes in red blood cells, vascular endothelium, and bone marrow in patients with β-haemoglobinopathies through a number of cellular and molecular pathways. Abbreviations: RBC, Red blood cells; Hb, Haemoglobin; sGC, Soluble guanylate cyclase; PKG, cGMP-dependent protein kinase; Gi/JNK/Jun, G(i)-dependent activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase; MAPK-p38, mitogen-activated protein kinase; CREB1, cAMP response element-binding protein 1; DNMT, DNA methyltransferase; HDAC, Histone deacetylase

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Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases

ISSN: 1750-1172