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Table 4 Parental outcome measures: parenting stress (PSI) and social support (ISR)

From: Psychological functioning in children suspected for mitochondrial disease: the need for care

 

N

Mean (SD)

% in clinical range

Non-clinical population

Student’s t

Clinical population

Student’s t

PSI

Mothers

85

47.80 (20.23)

5.9%

54.4a

T(84) = −3.009*

85.9a

T(84) = −17.368**

Fathers

72

49.10 (20.89)

11.1%

48.5a

T(71) = .243

70.4a

T(71) = −8.653**

ISR

Mothers

111

17.01 (3.79)

1.8%

15.1b

T(110) = 5.302**

14.5c

Wilcoxon, p = .000

Fathers

89

16.82 (3.76)

2.2%

15.1b

T(88) = 4.318**

14.5c

Wilcoxon, p = .000

  1. *P < .05
  2. **P < .001
  3. aNorms De Brock 1992
  4. bNorms van Dam-Baggen and Kraaijmaat (1992)
  5. cHuiskes Kraaijmaat Bijlsma 2004