Table 5 Management and outcome of bone lesions in cases (n = 64) of case reports

Total excision

18 (40.9)/skull, spine, sternum

2 (18.2)/temporal + intracranial extention + sigmoid sinus, + mandible, Both jaws

–

[8, 16, 18, 20, 22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31, 40, 42, 52, 57]^a

Total excision + chemotherapy

2 (4.5)/spine, rib

1 (11.1)/petrous + SCC + middle cranial base

[34, 38, 64]

Subtotal excision + chemotherapy

1 (2.3)/skull

1 (9.1)/petrous + inner ear + sphenoid

1 (11.1)/bilateral mastoid + C2

[6, 19, 59]

Subtotal excision + radiotherapy

1 (2.3)/spine

1 (9.1)/clivus, sella + sphenoid sinus

[33, 60]

Radiosurgery

1 (2.3)/skull

–

–

[17]

Radiotherapy

1 (2.3)/spine

1 (9.1)/temporal + clivus + occipital + atlantoaxial joint

–

[32, 54]

Radiotherapy + epidural steroid injection

1 (2.3)/ [51]

–

–

[51]

Systemic chemotherapy

2 (4.5)/clavicle, skull

4 (36.3) /odontoid process + C2 + femur, bilateral petrous + bilateral labyrinth, both jaws + petrous apex + otic capsule + clivus, sternum + greater trochanter + tibia

3 (33.3)/bilateral parietal + both jaws, maxillary sinus, Ilium + T6 + 6th rib

[7, 21, 53, 55, 58, 61, 62, 65, 66]

Chemotherapy + radiotherapy

–

–

1 (11.1)/temporal with involving dura

[3]

Analgesics, + intralesional steroid injection + chemotherapy

–

–

1 (11.1)/both femur

[66]

Curettage

9 (20.5)/clavicle, sternum, humerus, acetabulum, metatarsal

–

–

[14, 36,37,38, 41, 43, 49, 50]^b

Curettage + radiotherapy

2 (4.5)/sternum, metacarpal

–

–

[15, 45]

Observation

4 (9.0)/sternum, clavicle, scapula, ilium

–

–

[4, 39, 44]

Conservative

2 (4.5)/scapula, spine

1 (9.1)/radius, ulna

1 (11.1)/femur

[2, 35, 46, 63]

Not determined

–

1 (9.1)/both jaws

1 (11.1)/sacral

[56, 67]

Outcome after initial treatment

n (%)

Complete recovery without complication

33 (75.0)

6 (54.5)

3 (33.3)

Complete recovery with permanent complication

1 (2.3)

3 (27.3)

2 (22.2)

Recurrence

1 (2.3)

1 (9.1)

1 (11.1)

Lost follow- up

1 (2.3)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

Not determined

8 (18.1)

1 (9.1)

2 (22.2)

Death

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (11.1)