Table 2 Comparison between control subjects and patients with Marfan syndrome with and without valvular disease and/or cardiovascular surgery

Female (%)

22 (55)

31 (56.4)

17 (54.8)

0.895

0.891

Age (%)

37.9 ± 14.4

35.1 ± 14.7

38.5 ± 13.7

0.370

0.295

Height (cm)

173 ± 10

183.2 ± 11

183.9 ± 9.5

 < 0.001

0.771

Weight (kg)

68.3 ± 9.2

74.2 ± 17.9

74.1 ± 18.3

0.041

0.987

BSA (m²)

1.8 ± 0.1

1.9 ± 0.2

1.9 ± 0.2

0.001

0.923

SBP (mmHg)

121.1 ± 12.7

121 ± 12.6

127.3 ± 15.9

0.899

0.049

DBP (mmHg)

73.7 ± 9.6

71.6 ± 70

67 ± 10.1

0.361

0.067

BB Use (%)^a

0 (0)

32 (58.2)

25 (80.6)

n.a

0.034

Ao sinus (mm)

30.5 ± 2.9

39.8 ± 5.1

41.1 ± 6.6^b

 < 0.001

0.498

z-score sinus

 − 0.8 ± 0.7

2.5 ± 1.4

3.3 ± 1.1^b

 < 0.001

0.094

LVEDDi (mm/m²)

24.7 ± 2.4

24.8 ± 3.4

26.7 ± 3.5

0.795

0.020

LVEDDi ≥ 30 mm/m² (%)

0 (0)

5 (9.1)

4 (12.9)

0.050

0.717

iLVM

86.9 ± 20.2

81 ± 34.7

86.2 ± 23.04

0.331

0.486

LVEF (%)

68.3 ± 7.2

66 ± 7.2

62.5 ± 7.6

0.131

0.034

LVEF < 55%

0 (0)

2 (3.6)

5 (16.1)

0.507

0.093

mw-FS (%)

21 ± 7

21 ± 5

16 ± 6

0.778

0.004

RWT

0.45 (0.40–0.50)

0.37 (0.32–0.45)

0.33 (0.29–0.40)

 < 0.001

0.060

E/A

1.5 (1.2–2)

1.6 (1.3–2)

1.6 (1.2–2.1)

0.351

0.975

E/E’

6.4 (5.1–7.6)

7.8 (6.6–9.3)

8.6 (7–12.8)

 < 0.001

0.051

LAVi (ml/m²)

21.2 ± 5.5

21.4 ± 1.3

26.4 ± 11.3

0.945

0.038

MVP (%)^c

1 (2.5)

8 (14.5)

8 (26.7)

0.045

0.185

TAPSE (mm)

24.5 ± 2.8

22.1 ± 4.3

19.5 ± 3.8

0.003

0.010

TAPSE ≤ 16 mm (%)

0 (0)

3 (6.4)

6 (20.7)

0.250

0.077

NT-ProBNP (pg/ml)

30 (19–44.5)

53.5 (30–74.2)

129 (82–235.2)

0.001

 < 0.001

Min HR (bpm)

50.5 (44–55.5)

45 (41.5–49)

48 (44–55)

0.004

0.026

Average HR (bpm)

74.2 ± 8.3

64 (56.5–71.5)

67 (58.5–73)

 < 0.001

0.205

QRS width (ms)

80 (80–90)

96 (86–104)

98 (86–106)

 < 0.001

0.639

QTc (ms)

380.2 ± 24.5

414 (388–433.5)

426 (407–445)

 < 0.001

0.028

QTc > 460 ms (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

4 (12.9)

n.a

n.a

SVES/24 h

2 (0.25–4.7)

7 (2–37.5)

17 (1–56)

 < 0.001

0.560

Atrial runs (%)

2 (5)

14 (26.4)

12 (41.4)

0.015

0.318

VES/24 h

0 (0–5.7)

6 (1–69.5)

14 (1.5–373.5)

 < 0.001

0.312

VE (%)

5 (12.5)

14 (26.4)

13 (41.9)

0.099

0.090

Vent couplets (%)

2 (5)

9 (17)

8 (25.8)

0.077

0.270

NSVT (%)

0 (0)

5 (9.1)

5 (17.2)

0.050

0.273

SDNN (ms)

147 (116–185.2)

185 (156.2–219.2)

132 (95.4–191)

0.001

0.003

RMSDD (ms)

53 (36.2–84)

82.5 (66.2–82.5)

59.3 (42.7–112)

 < 0.001

0.040