Fig. 1

Complex orthodontic treatment to induce permanent teeth eruption in a STAT3-HIES patient after delayed primary teeth extraction. Made when patient #3 was 15 years of age, the panoramic radiograph shows 4 persistent primary canines and all 8 primary molars. Maxillary second permanent molars have not yet reached the occlusal level (a). One year after extraction of the primary predecessors the permanent canines and first and second premolars of patient #3 were still impacted (b). Intra-operative pictures of the extraction of the primary first and second molars with fixation of the orthodontic treatment on the permanent teeth and subsequent bone ablation at the age of 17 are shown (c, d). The extracted second primary molars of patient #3 at 17 years of age have almost no root resorbtions (e, f)