Table 3 Management of cardiomyopathies (CMP) and ion channel diseases (ICD), according to phenotype and etiology

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)

Avoid dehydration in obstructive HCM (fever, diarrhea)

QT monitoring, especially in patients on dysopiramide (Covid 19 therapies)

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)

Balance fluid and electrolyte intake according to clinical status (fever, diarrhea)

QT monitoring (Covid 19 therapies)

Exclude new onset arrhythmias (palpitations) HF (dyspnoea)

Do not stop ACE-i and ARBs (consider that ACE-i worse cough)

Hospital admission if progressive symptoms

Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy (AC)

QT monitoring, especially in patient on sotalol (Covid 19 therapies)

Exclude new onset arrhythmias (palpitations) HF (dyspnoea)

Hospital admission if progressive symptoms

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (RCM)

As DCM

Noncompaction (NC)

As DCM

Myocarditis/Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy

As DCM

EMB should be considered to exclude specific treatment

Childhood Cardiomyopathies

Avoid dehydration and balance fluid and electrolyte intake according to clinical status (fever, diarrhea)

No specific Covid 19 treatment required in most cases

Genetic Syndromes

Increased risk of bleeding in patients with Noonan syndrome/rasopathies and coagulation factors deficits (Covid 19 therapies)

Neuromucular Disease

ECG monitoring: bradyarrhythmias, AV blocks, prolonged QT (Covid 19 therapies)

Mitochondrial Disease

Lactic acidosis crisis, hypoglycemia, fatigue, rabdomyolisis (fever, diarrhea, Covid 19 therapies)

ECG monitoring: bradyarrhythmias, AV blocks, prolonged QT (Covid 19 therapies)

Hospital admission if progressive symptoms/crisis

Glycogen Storage Disease

Metabolic crisis, fatigue, cramps (fever, diarrhea, Covid 19 therapies)

ECG monitoring: bradyarrhythmias, AV blocks, prolonged QT (Covid 19 therapies)

Lysosomal Storage Disease

Symptoms worsening (i.e. Fabry crisis; fever, diarrhea)

ECG monitoring: bradyarrhythmias, AV blocks, prolonged QT (Covid 19 therapies)

Consider “home therapy” for enzyme replacement therapies (ERTs)

Amyloidoses

ECG monitoring: bradyarrhythmias, AV blocks, prolonged QT (Covid 19 therapies)

Clinical status may worsen (Covid 19 therapy)

Consider to stop specific therapy protocol in AL

Tafamidis (TTR) can worsen cough

Long QT Syndrome (LQTS)

QT prolungation (Covid 19 therapy)

Consider hospitalization in high risk patients

Short QT Syndrome (SQTS)

QT prolungation (Covid 19 therapy)

Brugada Syndrome (BS)

Type 1 BS pattern (fever)

Consider hospitalization in high risk patients

Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricualr Tachicardia (CPVT)

Epinephrine in patients who require haemodynamic support is proarrhythmic

Consider hospitalization in high risk patients

SCN5A Disease

Type 1 BS pattern (fever)

Risk of bradyarrhythmias/AV blocks (Covid 19 therapy)

Consider hospitalization in high risk patients