Table 1 Clinical characteristics of 23 patients with HHT and acute VTE
Pulmonary embolism | Deep vein thrombosis | Odds ratio (95% CI) / P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Patients, N | 14 | 9 | |
Clinical characteristics, | |||
Male gender | 6 (43%) | 7 (78%) | 0.21 (0.03–1.43) |
Mean age (years±SD) | 60 ± 16 | 62 ± 19 | P = 0.708 |
Mean body weight (kg ± SD) | 87 ± 28 | 72 ± 9.7 | P = 0.145 |
Data on HHT,a | |||
Spontaneous, recurrent epistaxis (n = 18) | 12 (86%) | 6 (67%) | |
Epistaxis severity score (n = 9 and 7) | 3.5 (0. 9-8.4; ±2.1) | 5.4 (2. 7-8.1;±2.3) | P = 0.097 |
ESS > 4 | 3 (21%) | 4 (44%) | P = 0.615 |
ESS > 7 | 1 (7%) | 3 (33%) | P = 0.262 |
Genetic study (n = 11) | |||
ENG mutations | 2 (14%) | 3 (33%) | |
ACVRL1 mutations | 1 (7%) | 1 (11%) | |
Negative | 1 (7%) | 0 | |
Family history (n = 16) | 10 (71%) | 6 (67%) | |
Risk factors for VTE, | |||
Recent surgery | 1 (7%) | 1 (11%) | 0.62 (0.03–11.28) |
Recent immobilization ≥4 days | 4 (29%) | 2 (22%) | 1.40 (0. 20-9.87) |
Cancer | 1 (7%) | 0 | – |
Prior VTE | 1 (7%) | 1 (11%) | 0.62 (0.03–11.28) |
None of the above | 6 (43%) | 6 (67%) | 0.38 (0.07–2. 15) |
Underlying conditions, | |||
Prior ischemic stroke | 3 (21%) | 0 | – |
Atrial fibrillation | 3 (21%) | 0 | – |
Gastroduodenal ulcer | 1 (7%) | 0 | – |
Angiodisplasia in the GI tract | 3 (21%) | 0 | – |
Recent (< 30 days) major bleeding | 0 | 3 (33%) | – |
Laboratory data, | |||
Anemia | 6 (43%) | 5 (56%) | 0.60 (0. 11-3.25) |
CrCl levels < 30 mL/min | 0 | 0 | – |
CrCl levels 30–60 mL/min | 2 (14%) | 3 (33%) | 0.33 (0.04–2.56) |
sPESI, | |||
≥ 1 points | 7 (50%) | – | – |