Table 1 Conclusions of craniofacial findings in NF1 [17,18,19,20,21,22]

Dental age [22]

 No statistical difference compared to general population

Caries (DMFT; decayed, filled and missing teeth) [20]

 Lower DMFT index in patients with NF1 < 35 years

 Caries is not feature of NF1

Radiographical findings [16, 17, 21]

 Periapical cemental dysplasia (PCD)

 Bone deformities caused by plexiform neurofibromas

 Enlarged mandibular canal

 Retrognathic mandible and maxilla, and short cranial base

Oral soft tissue alterations [18]

 Found in 37% of patients with NF1

 Overgrowth of gingival soft tissue in 28% of patients with NF1

 Prominent lingual papillae in 40% of patients with NF1

 Mucosal tumors, most of which are neurofibromas

Speech characteristics [19]

 Voice quality alteration (eg. nasal voice, aberrant speech rhythm) in 35% of adults with NF1, and in 55% of children with NF1