Table 3 Associations between ARM and maternal use of asthma medication

[73]

Garne, 2015

Any anti-asthma medication

–

1.6 [1.08, 2.51]^b

Registry and maternal age

–

2.0 [1.30, 3.20]^c

Beta-2-agonists in general

–

1.5 [0.84, 2.66]^b

Center, maternal age and use of inhaled corticosteroids

–

1.5 [0.79, 2.93]^c

Inhaled beta-2-agonists

1.7 [1.08, 2.80]

1.5 [0.85, 2.68]^b

Center, maternal age and use of corticosteroids

2.3 [1.39, 3.75]

1.8 [0.92, 3.44]^c

–

1.8 [1.11, 2.87]^b

Center, maternal age

–

2.1 [1.26, 3.54]^c

–

1.5 [0.85, 2.69]^b

Center, maternal age, systemic steroids and use of corticosteroids

–

1.5 [0.79, 2.94]^c

–

1.5 [0.83, 2.63]^b

Center, maternal age, period (5-year intervals) and use of corticosteroids

–

1.8 [0.92, 3.45]^c

–

1.2 [0.35, 3.73]^b,f

Center, maternal age, period (5-year intervals) and use of corticosteroids

–

0.8 [0.23, 2.76]^c,f

Inhaled corticosteroids

2.0 [1.10, 3.51]

1.5 [0.74, 3.02]^b

Center, maternal age and use of beta-2-agonists

3.3 [1.81, 5.98]

1.7 [0.73, 3.77]^c

–

2.0 [1.09, 3.48]^b

Center, maternal age

–

2.8 [1.48, 5.17]^c

–

1.5 [0.74, 3.03]^b

Center, maternal age, systemic steroids and use of beta-2-agonists

–

2.1 [0.94, 4.51]^c

–

1.5 [0.75, 3.07]^b

Center, maternal age, period (5-year intervals) and use of beta-2-agonists

–

1.6 [0.72, 3.73]^c

–

1.2 [0.31, 4.68]^b,f

Center, maternal age, period (5-year intervals) and use of beta-2-agonists

–

2.7 [0.78, 9.58]^c,f

1.3 [0.41, 4.06]^a,b,f

–

Combination treatments

–

1.0 [0.31, 3.24]^b

Center, maternal age and use of short-acting beta-2-agonists

–

1.4 [0.43, 4.28]^c

Salbutamol

–

1.6 [0.87, 2.88]^b

Center, maternal age and use of inhaled corticosteroids

–

1.5 [0.78, 3.04]^c

[53]

Zwink and Choinitzki, 2015

Any anti-asthma medication

0.8 [0.02, 29.50]^d

–

–

0.3 [0.01, 16.63]^e

[67]

Yau, 2013

Pseudoephedrine

–

1.3 [0.8, 2.3]

Matched and adjusted for further factors (not specified)

[59]

Lin, 2012

Anti-inflammatory use

–

2.1 [1.09, 4.12]

Age, parity, race/ethnicity, education, alcohol use, smoking, gender, folic acid use, fever in first trimester

Bronchodilator use

–

0.9 [0.38, 2.01]

[42]

Källén and Otterblad Olausson, 2007

Any anti-asthma medication

–

1.7 [1.11, 2.56]

Year of birth, maternal age, parity, smoking, and number of previous miscarriages

Inhaled corticosteroids

–

1.9 [1.00, 3.22]

Salbutamol

–

1.5 [0.50, 3.60^g

Terbutaline

–

1.5 [0.82, 2.52]^g

Salmeterol

–

2.5 [0.52, 7.37]^g

Budesonide

–

1.9 [0.95, 3.42]^g