Figure 4

Increased chondrogenesis in vFOP iPS cells in pellet cultures. (A) Histology of chondrogenic pellets from vFOP4 and vFOP5 iPS cells show larger chondrocytes and increased proteoglycan. Blue, alcian blue; red, nuclear fast red. Black scale bar = 200 μm; red scale bar = 50 μm. (B) Chondrocyte pellet size (calculated volume). Error bars are averages of triplicate experiments, +/− 1 SD. (C) Cell size in the chondrogenic pellets. Error bars are averages of triplicate experiments, +/− 1 SD. (D) Percentage of chondrocyte-like cells within a culture. Error bars are averages of triplicate experiments, +/− 1 SD. (E) Chondrogenic (SOX9, COL2a1, and COMP) gene expression in the pellets. Error bars are averages of triplicate measurements on individual pellets, +/− 1 SD. **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001 by Student’s t-test.