Table 8 Associations between periconceptional exposures to occupational hazard

[39]

   van Rooij, 2010

Industrial cleaning agents and solvents

Cytostatics

X-rays

2.9 [0.9, 9.3]

1.5 [0.3, 6.9]

0.6 [0.1, 2.6]

Adjusted for: family history of ARM and paternal smoking

-

Adjusted for: maternal multivitamin use

Industrial cleaning agents and solvents

Paint/varnish/adhesives/ink/thinner

Welding fumes

Exhaust fumes

0.6 [0.2, 1.7]

1.4 [0.6, 3.7]

1.3 [0.5, 3.3]

1.9 [1.0, 3.6]

Adjusted for: family history of ARM,

maternal BMI before pregnancy, paternal smoking

and paternal job exposure to exhaust fumes

Adjusted for: family history of ARM

Adjusted for: family history of ARM

and paternal job exposure to exhaust fumes

-

[35]

   Herdt-Losavio, 2010

Janitors, cleaners

Scientists

1.82 [1.06, 3.10]***

2.38 [1.24, 4.55]***

-

-

Adjusted for: study centre, folic acid use,

maternal age at delivery, maternal pre-pregnancy

BMI, maternal race/ethnicity, maternal education,

parity, maternal smoking and maternal alcohol use

during the first trimester

[38]

   Stoll, 1997

X-rays^†

0.19 [0.09, 0.38]

-

-

-

[29]

   Schnitzer, 1995

-

-

Carpenters, woodworkers

Electricians, electrical workers

2.4 [0.7, 8.5]

1.7 [0.6, 5.0]

Matched for: race, year and hospital of birth

Matched for: see above

Printers

Policemen, guards

Vehicle manufacturers

2.9 [0.8, 10.2]

2.9 [0.8, 9.9]

5.1 [1.3, 19.2]

Adjusted for: maternal age and education

Adjusted for: see above

Adjusted for: see above

[28]

   Matte, 1993

Nursing occupations

2.15 [0.83, 5.58]

-

-

-