Table 3 SV40 in poliomyelitis virus vaccines in European countries
From: Mesothelioma mortality in Europe: impact of asbestos consumption and simian virus 40
Country | Rating of contamination of polio vaccines with SV40 | Vaccines, vaccination programs and origin of vaccines |
|---|---|---|
Albania | Positive | Contaminated Russian vaccine (OPV) used since 1960 [86-90]. |
Austria | Negative | Mass vaccinations with SV40-free British vaccine (OPV) since winter 1961/62 [91-92]. |
Bulgaria | Positive | Contaminated Russian vaccine (OPV) used since 1960 [86-90]. |
CSSR | Positive | Since 1960: limited use of IPV, mass vaccinations with OPV, partly with contaminated Russian vaccine [86-90,93-94]. |
Denmark | Positive | Vaccinations from 1955 with widely contaminated Danish vaccine (IPV), SV40-free from 1963 [95]. A combined schedule was introduced in 1968 [96]. |
Finland | Negative | Mass vaccinations since 1957 with SV40-free Belgium vaccine (IPV) [19]. Finland has never used OPV on a routine basis [96]. |
Germany East | Positive | Contaminated Russian vaccine (OPV) used since 1960 [55, 87-90, 97]. |
Hungary | Positive | Since 1957: limited use of IPV, mass vaccinations with vaccines from the US, Canada, Hungary and Russia (also OPV) [87-90]. |
Norway | Positive | Vaccinations started 1956 with Danish vaccine (IPV); since 1957 potentially contaminated U.S. vaccine (IPV) [98], change to OPV from 1967 to 1979, then back to IPV from 1979 onwards [96]. |
Poland | Unclear | Mass vaccinations (OPV) since 1958 with Koprowski strain live vaccine [94]; vaccine was claimed to be Russian made [99], but Russian vaccines were derived from Sabin's strain [86]. |
Russia (USSR) | Positive | Mass vaccinations since 1959 with contaminated Russian vaccine (OPV). A small proportion of persons were vaccinated with IPV at the beginning of the mass vaccinations. [86-90, 100]. |
Spain | Unclear | Mass vaccinations since 1963 with British vaccine (OPV) [101]; British vaccines were SV40-free since 1962 [102]; in contrast some vaccines were later claimed to have been contaminated [103]. |
Sweden | Positive | In 1957 potentially contaminated U.S. vaccine (IPV), from 1958 SV40-free Swedish vaccine (IPV). Sweden has never used OPV [96]. |
Turkey | Negative | Vaccination was not started before 1970, at a time where polio vaccines were required to be SV40-free [20, 24]. The type of the vaccine is unclear. In a global poliomyelitis eradication initiative starting in 1989, OPV was used. |
United Kingdom | Positive | Vaccination started in 1956 with OPV [104-105]. SV40-free since 1962 [102]. |