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  1. Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a low-penetrant genetic metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) in the haem biosynthesis. Manifest AIP (MAIP) is considered when ca...

    Authors: María Barreda-Sánchez, Juan Buendía-Martínez, Guillermo Glover-López, Carmen Carazo-Díaz, María Juliana Ballesta-Martínez, Vanesa López-González, María José Sánchez-Soler, Lidya Rodriguez-Peña, Ana Teresa Serrano-Antón, Remedios Gil-Ferrer, Maria del Carmen Martínez-Romero, Pablo Carbonell-Meseguer and Encarna Guillén-Navarro
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:59
  2. X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is an inherited disease of phosphate metabolism in which inactivating mutations of the Phosphate Regulating Endopeptidase Homolog, X-Linked (PHEX) gene lead to local and systemic e...

    Authors: Signe Sparre Beck-Nielsen, Zulf Mughal, Dieter Haffner, Ola Nilsson, Elena Levtchenko, Gema Ariceta, Carmen de Lucas Collantes, Dirk Schnabel, Ravi Jandhyala and Outi Mäkitie
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:58
  3. Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMSs) are a genotypically and phenotypically heterogeneous group of neuromuscular disorders, which have in common an impaired neuromuscular transmission. Since the field of CMS...

    Authors: Josef Finsterer
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:57
  4. Classical galactosemia (CG) is due to a severe deficiency of the galactose-1-phosphate uridyl-transferase (GALT), the main enzyme of galactose metabolism. Even early introduction of galactose-restricted diet f...

    Authors: Mirjam Korner, Sonja Kälin, Antoinette Zweifel-Zehnder, Niklaus Fankhauser, Jean-Marc Nuoffer and Matthias Gautschi
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:56
  5. Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD), due to mutations in the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1) gene, is divided into infantile neurovisceral ASMD (Niemann-Pick type A), chronic neurovisceral ASMD (int...

    Authors: Patryk Lipiński, Ladislav Kuchar, Ekaterina Y. Zakharova, Galina V. Baydakova, Agnieszka Ługowska and Anna Tylki-Szymańska
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:55
  6. Patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) develop multiple pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasias (PNENs). Size at diagnosis and growth during follow-up are crucial parameters. According to the W...

    Authors: Andreas Selberherr, Oskar Koperek, Philipp Riss, Christian Scheuba, Martin B. Niederle, Reto Kaderli, Aurel Perren and Bruno Niederle
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:54
  7. Determining the etiology of oculocutaneous albinism is important for proper clinical management and to determine prognosis. The purpose of this study was to genotype and phenotype eight adopted Chinese childre...

    Authors: Bradley Power, Carlos R. Ferreira, Dong Chen, Wadih M. Zein, Kevin J. O’Brien, Wendy J. Introne, Joshi Stephen, William A. Gahl, Marjan Huizing, May Christine V. Malicdan, David R. Adams and Bernadette R. Gochuico
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:52
  8. The progressive ataxias are a group of rare and complicated neurological disorders, knowledge of which is often poor among healthcare professionals (HCPs). The patient support group Ataxia UK, recognising the ...

    Authors: Rajith de Silva, Julie Greenfield, Arron Cook, Harriet Bonney, Julie Vallortigara, Barry Hunt and Paola Giunti
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:51
  9. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare severe clinical syndrome. HLH manifesting during pregnancy has been paid much attention in recent years. Despite the specificity of pregnancy-related HLH, the...

    Authors: Yue Song, Zhao Wang, Zengping Hao, Lihong Li, Junli Lu, Hongjun Kang, Yanping Lu, Yanqin You, Lijuan Li, Qingyun Chen and Bo Chen
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:50
  10. The burden of rare diseases on society and patients’ families has increased in Korea. However, because of the infrequency of rare diseases, there is a lack of resources and information to address these cases a...

    Authors: Sung-Shil Lim, Wanhyung Lee, Yeong-Kwang Kim, Jihyun Kim, Jong Heon Park, Bo Ram Park and Jin-Ha Yoon
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:49
  11. Severe mucopolysaccharidosis type I (also known as Hurler syndrome) is a rare devasting recessive genetic disease caused by the deficiency of an enzyme. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant is the standard of ca...

    Authors: Therese Conner, Francesca Cook, Vivian Fernandez, Karen Rascati and Vanessa Rangel-Miller
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:48
  12. Since incentives were introduced to promote orphan drugs in Europe, several dozens of drugs have been registered at the European level. However, patient access on a national level remains very heterogeneous ac...

    Authors: Marion Bourdoncle, Blandine Juillard-Condat and Florence Taboulet
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:47
  13. Krabbe disease is a rare neurological disorder caused by a deficiency in the lysosomal enzyme, β-galactocerebrosidase, resulting in demyelination of the central and peripheral nervous systems. If left without ...

    Authors: Maria L. Beltran-Quintero, Nicholas A. Bascou, Michele D. Poe, David A. Wenger, Carlos A. Saavedra-Matiz, Matthew J. Nichols and Maria L. Escolar
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:46
  14. Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) and Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) are both rare congenital multiple malformation disorders caused by genes associated with transcription. They share a number of similar fea...

    Authors: Hui Tang, Jing Guo, Siyuan Linpeng and Lingqian Wu
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:45
  15. In phenylketonuria, casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP) requires modification with the addition of some essential and semi essential amino acids to ensure suitability as a protein substitute. The optimal amount an...

    Authors: A. Daly, S. Evans, S. Chahal, S. Santra, A. Pinto, R. Jackson, C. Gingell, J. Rocha, F. J. Van Spronsen and A. MacDonald
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:44
  16. Sarcoglycanopathies comprise four subtypes of autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD2C, LGMD2D, LGMD2E, and LGMD2F) that are caused, respectively, by mutations in the SGCG, SGCA, SGCB, and SGCD ...

    Authors: Zhiying Xie, Yue Hou, Meng Yu, Yilin Liu, Yanbin Fan, Wei Zhang, Zhaoxia Wang, Hui Xiong and Yun Yuan
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:43
  17. Myotonic dystrophy (DM1), a neuromuscular disease related to DMPK gene mutations, is associated to endocrine disorders and cancer. A routine endocrine work-up, including thyroid ultrasound (US), was conducted in ...

    Authors: Adrien Ben Hamou, Stéphanie Espiard, Christine Do Cao, Miriam Ladsous, Camille Loyer, Alexandre Moerman, Samuel Boury, Maéva Kyheng, Claire-Marie Dhaenens, Vincent Tiffreau, Pascal Pigny, Gilles Lebuffe, Robert Caiazzo, Sébastien Aubert and Marie Christine Vantyghem
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:42
  18. Bartter Syndrome is a rare, genetically heterogeneous, mainly autosomal recessively inherited condition characterized by hypochloremic hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis. Mutations in several genes encoding for i...

    Authors: Maryam Najafi, Dor Mohammad Kordi-Tamandani, Farkhondeh Behjati, Simin Sadeghi-Bojd, Zeineb Bakey, Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani, Isabel Schüle, Anoush Azarfar and Miriam Schmidts
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:41
  19. Propionic acidemia (PA, OMIM #606054) is a serious, life-threatening, inherited, metabolic disorder caused by the deficiency of the mitochondrial enzyme propionyl-coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.3). The...

    Authors: Tímea Almási, Lin T. Guey, Christine Lukacs, Kata Csetneki, Zoltán Vokó and Tamás Zelei
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:40
  20. The treatment of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) using mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors is clinically promising. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mTOR inh...

    Authors: Min Li, Ying Zhou, Chaoyang Chen, Ting Yang, Shuang Zhou, Shuqing Chen, Ye Wu and Yimin Cui
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:39
  21. The TUBA1A-associated tubulinopathy is clinically heterogeneous with brain malformations, microcephaly, developmental delay and epilepsy being the main clinical features. It is an autosomal dominant disorder most...

    Authors: Moritz Hebebrand, Ulrike Hüffmeier, Regina Trollmann, Ute Hehr, Steffen Uebe, Arif B. Ekici, Cornelia Kraus, Mandy Krumbiegel, André Reis, Christian T. Thiel and Bernt Popp
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:38
  22. Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked disorder caused by defects in TAZ with key clinical features including cardiomyopathy, neutropenia and skeletal myopathy. In order to gain a better understanding of the range ...

    Authors: Brittany Hornby, Rebecca McClellan, Lucy Buckley, Kimberley Carson, Tiffany Gooding and Hilary J. Vernon
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:37
  23. Rare or orphan diseases often are inherited and overwhelmingly affect children. Many of these diseases have no treatments, are incurable, and have a devastating impact on patients and their families. Regulator...

    Authors: Andrew E. Mulberg, Christina Bucci-Rechtweg, Joseph Giuliano, David Jacoby, Franklin K. Johnson, Qing Liu, Deborah Marsden, Scott McGoohan, Robert Nelson, Nita Patel, Klaus Romero, Vikram Sinha, Sheela Sitaraman, John Spaltro and Vivian Kessler
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:36
  24. Primary pulmonary lymphoma (PPL) is a rare disease, especially in children. We analyse the clinical features of PPL in 4 children to strengthen a understanding of it.

    Authors: Xiaohui Wu, Chunju Zhou, Ling Jin, Hui Liu, Jinrong Liu and Shunying Zhao
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:35
  25. We describe 542 cases of symptomatic hereditary transthyretin amyloid polyneuropathy (ATTR-PN) identified through a review of the literature published between 2005 and 2016. Approximately 18% of the cases were...

    Authors: Márcia Waddington-Cruz, Hartmut Schmidt, Marc F. Botteman, John A. Carter, Michelle Stewart, Markay Hopps, Shari Fallet and Leslie Amass
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:34
  26. MNGIE is a rare and fatal disease in which absence of the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase induces systemic accumulation of thymidine and deoxyuridine and secondary mitochondrial DNA alterations. Gastrointestina...

    Authors: Rana Yadak, Marjolein Breur and Marianna Bugiani
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:33
  27. Niemann-Pick disease Type C (NP-C) is a lysosomal lipid storage disorder characterized by progressive neurodegenerative symptomatology. The signs and symptoms of NP-C vary with age at disease onset, and availa...

    Authors: Mercedes Pineda, Katarína Juríčková, Parvaneh Karimzadeh, Miriam Kolnikova, Vera Malinova, Jose Luis Insua, Christian Velten and Stefan A. Kolb
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:32
  28. Clinical trials in rare diseases are more challenging than trials in frequent diseases. Small numbers of eligible trial participants, often complicated by heterogeneity among rare disease patients, hamper the ...

    Authors: C. M. W. Gaasterland, M. C. Jansen – van der Weide, M. J. du Prie – Olthof, M. Donk, M. M. Kaatee, R. Kaczmarek, C. Lavery, K. Leeson-Beevers, N. O’Neill, O. Timmis, V. van Nederveen, E. Vroom and J. H. van der Lee
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:31
  29. Over 80% of women with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) develop spinal cord disease in adulthood for which treatment is supportive only. For future clinical trials quantitative data on disease progression r...

    Authors: Irene C. Huffnagel, Marcel G. W. Dijkgraaf, Georges E. Janssens, Michel van Weeghel, Björn M. van Geel, Bwee Tien Poll-The, Stephan Kemp and Marc Engelen
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:30
  30. The RASopathies are a class of developmental disorders caused by germline mutations in the RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has been frequently described i...

    Authors: Hao Chen, Xin Li, Xiaoliang Liu, Jian Wang, Zhen Zhang, Jinjin Wu, Meirong Huang, Ying Guo, Fen Li, Xiumin Wang and Lijun Fu
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:29
  31. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a multisystemic inherited vascular dysplasia that leads to nosebleeds and visceral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Anti-angiogenic drugs thalidomide and bevac...

    Authors: Elisabetta Buscarini, Luisa Maria Botella, Urban Geisthoff, Anette D. Kjeldsen, Hans Jurgen Mager, Fabio Pagella, Patrizia Suppressa, Roberto Zarrabeitia, Sophie Dupuis-Girod and Claire L. Shovlin
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:28
  32. Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN; ORPHA: 643; OMIM# 256850) is a rare, hereditary, pediatric neurodegenerative disorder associated with intracellular accumulations of intermediate filaments (IFs). GAN knockout (KO...

    Authors: Diane Armao, Thomas W. Bouldin, Rachel M. Bailey, Jody E. Hooper, Diana X. Bharucha and Steven J. Gray
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:27
  33. Little data is available on awareness of hemophilia carrier condition or associated bleeding risk and management in Sub-Saharan African countries. This study sought to identify hemophilia carriers in Côte d’Iv...

    Authors: Catherine Lambert, N’ Dogomo Meité, Ibrahima Sanogo, Sébastien Lobet, Eusèbe Adjambri, Stéphane Eeckhoudt and Cedric Hermans
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:26
  34. Newborn screening programs are essential preventative public health initiatives but are not widely available in low-resource settings. The objective of this study was to describe the frequency and nature of sc...

    Authors: Malia S. Q. Murphy, Pranesh Chakraborty, Jesmin Pervin, Anisur Rahman, Lindsay A. Wilson, Monica Lamoureux, Kathryn Denize, Matthew Henderson, Steve Hawken, Beth K. Potter, Julian Little and Kumanan Wilson
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:25
  35. While extraocular muscles are affected early in myasthenia gravis (MG), but respond to treatment, we observe a high incidence of treatment-resistant ophthalmoplegia (OP-MG) among MG subjects with African genet...

    Authors: Melissa Nel, Sharon Prince and Jeannine M. Heckmann
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:24
  36. Patient reported outcome (PRO) information is crucial for establishing better patient-provider communication, improving shared decision-making between clinicians and patients, assessing patient responses to th...

    Authors: Laura L. Tosi, Marianne K. Floor, Christina M. Dollar, Austin P. Gillies, Tracy S. Hart, David D. Cuthbertson, V. Reid Sutton and Jeffrey P. Krischer
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:23
  37. The clinical effect of copper accumulation on the heart of patients suffering from Wilson’s disease (WD) is not completely understood. We aimed to determine if patients with WD show signs of cardiac involvemen...

    Authors: Silvio Quick, Ulrike Reuner, Marie Weidauer, Charlotte Hempel, Felix Martin Heidrich, Christoph Mues, Krunoslav Michael Sveric, Karim Ibrahim, Heinz Reichmann, Axel Linke and Uwe Speiser
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:22
  38. There is increasing interest in actively involving patients in the process of medical research to help ensure research is relevant and important to both researchers and people affected by the disease under stu...

    Authors: Kalen Young, Dana Kaminstein, Ana Olivos, Cristina Burroughs, Celeste Castillo-Lee, Joyce Kullman, Carol McAlear, Dianne G. Shaw, Antoine Sreih, George Casey and Peter A. Merkel
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:21
  39. Rare and ultra-rare diseases (URDs) are often chronic and life-threatening conditions that have a profound impact on sufferers and their families, but many are notoriously difficult to detect. Niemann-Pick dis...

    Authors: María-Jesús Sobrido, Peter Bauer, Tom de Koning, Thomas Klopstock, Yann Nadjar, Marc C Patterson, Matthis Synofzik and Chris J Hendriksz
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:20
  40. CLN6-Batten disease is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized pathologically by the accumulation of lysosomal storage material, glial activation and neurodegeneration, and phenotypically by loss of v...

    Authors: McKayla J. Poppens, Jacob T. Cain, Tyler B. Johnson, Katherine A. White, Samantha S. Davis, Rachel Laufmann, Alexander D. Kloth and Jill M. Weimer
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:19
  41. Survival and quality of life for patients affected by spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) are thought to have improved over the last decade due to changes in care. In addition, targeted treatments for SMA have been ...

    Authors: Astrid Pechmann, Kirsten König, Günther Bernert, Kristina Schachtrup, Ulrike Schara, David Schorling, Inge Schwersenz, Sabine Stein, Adrian Tassoni, Sibylle Vogt, Maggie C. Walter, Hanns Lochmüller and Janbernd Kirschner
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:18
  42. In all patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I), skeletal disease (dysostosis multiplex) is a prominent, debilitating, condition related complication that may impact strongly on activities of daily l...

    Authors: Gé-Ann Kuiper, Eveline J. Langereis, Sandra Breyer, Marco Carbone, René M. Castelein, Deborah M. Eastwood, Christophe Garin, Nathalie Guffon, Peter M. van Hasselt, Pauline Hensman, Simon A. Jones, Vladimir Kenis, Moyo Kruyt, Johanna H. van der Lee, William G. Mackenzie, Paul J. Orchard…
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:17
  43. Knowledge on the prevalence of sex chromosome abnormalities (SCAs) is limited, and delayed diagnosis or non-diagnosis of SCAs are a continuous concern. We aimed to investigate change over time in incidence, pr...

    Authors: Agnethe Berglund, Mette Hansen Viuff, Anne Skakkebæk, Simon Chang, Kirstine Stochholm and Claus Højbjerg Gravholt
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:16
  44. Down syndrome (DS) is the most common form of viable chromosomal abnormality. DS is associated with recurrent infections, auto-immunity and malignancies in children. Little is known about immunity and infectio...

    Authors: Aurélien Guffroy, Yannick Dieudonné, Beatrice Uring-Lambert, Joelle Goetz, Yves Alembik and Anne-Sophie Korganow
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:15
  45. Freeman-Burian syndrome (FBS) is a rare congenital myopathic craniofacial syndrome. Considerable variability in severity is seen, but diagnosis requires the following: microstomia, whistling-face appearance (p...

    Authors: Mikaela I. Poling, Craig R. Dufresne and Robert L. Chamberlain
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:14
  46. High orphan drug prices have gained the attention of payers and policy makers. These prices may reflect the need to recoup the cost of drug development from a small patient pool. However, estimates of the cost...

    Authors: Kavisha Jayasundara, Aidan Hollis, Murray Krahn, Muhammad Mamdani, Jeffrey S. Hoch and Paul Grootendorst
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:12
  47. Erdheim–Chester disease (ECD) is a rare multi-systemic form of histiocytosis. Treatment with BRAF inhibitors has markedly improved outcomes of ECD; however, this targeted therapy is expensive (estimated annual...

    Authors: Xin-xin Cao, Na Niu, Jian Sun, Hao Cai, Feng-dan Wang, Yi-ning Wang, Ming-hui Duan, Dao-bin Zhou and Jian Li
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:11
  48. Chylothorax is a rare condition which can be associated with malignant lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs). We retrospectively analyzed the results of the conservative treatment of 10 patients with persistent...

    Authors: Jana Pospiskova, Lukas Smolej, David Belada, Martin Simkovic, Monika Motyckova, Alice Sykorova, Pavla Stepankova and Pavel Zak
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:9
  49. The optical accessibility of the eye and technological advances in ophthalmic diagnostics have put ophthalmology at the forefront of data-driven medicine. The focus of this study is rare eye disorders, a group...

    Authors: Panagiotis I. Sergouniotis, Emmanuel Maxime, Dorothée Leroux, Annie Olry, Rachel Thompson, Ana Rath, Peter N. Robinson and Hélène Dollfus
    Citation: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:8

    The Correction to this article has been published in Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2019 14:200