Fig. 2From: The spectrum of imaging manifestations of Gorham–Stout disease: a novel dynamic contrast-enhanced MR lymphangiography A 14-year-old male with Gorham–Stout disease. A 14-year-old man diagnosed with Gorham‒Stout disease presented with dyspnea related to pleural effusion on the right side. A Non-contrast (first and third columns) and contrast-enhanced (second and fourth columns) computed tomography (CT) images showing osteolytic lesions (arrows) and thickened, enhancing infiltrative soft-tissue lesions (arrowheads) at the lower thoracic vertebra and ileum. Extensive soft-tissue edematous changes were also noted in the right abdominal wall. B, C Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance lymphangiography (DCMRL) consisting of axial T2-weighted, axial and coronal contrast-enhanced T1-weighted, and maximum intensity projection (MIP) reconstruction images. B A T2 high signal and contrast-enhanced infiltrative soft-tissue lesion (arrowheads) along the pleura and a contrast-enhancing intraosseous lesion (arrows) are seen (first and second columns). Similar signal-changed soft-tissue lesions are observed along the iliac bone (arrowheads) and the intraosseous lesions (arrows) on the DCMRL image of the right iliac bone (third and fourth columns). These lesions could not delineate the vascular components in those areas on CT images. C MIP images (first, second, and third columns) show extensive collateral lymphatic vascular channels along the right abdominal and chest walls (arrows) and faint intercostal lymphatics in the right lower hemithorax (arrowhead). D A faintly filled, large abnormal thoracic duct is visible on the T1-weighted coronal image before MIP reconstruction, suggesting weak central conducting lymphatic flow (arrows). The giant thoracic duct (arrows) is confirmed using digital subtraction angiography (right column)Back to article page