Table 1 Cephalometric analyses (n = 15 patients). SD: standard deviation. For the definition of the cephalometric parameters (C1, F1, F1M, F1m, C2, C4), see Fig. 1/ Suppl Table 1
From: Craniofacial growth and function in achondroplasia: a multimodal 3D study on 15 patients
Mean ± SD | Definition | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 7.9 ± 3.2 | ||
C1/F1 angle (degrees) | 87.8 ± 5.3 | ||
Maxillo-mandibular position | Maxillary position C1/f1M angle (relative to F1) | − 10.3 ± 4.9 | maxillary retrusion (n = 15) |
Mandibular position (C1/f1m angle) (relative to F1) | − 8 ± 4.3 | retrognathism (n = 15) | |
Maxillo-mandibular discordance (f1M/1m angle) | − 2.2 ± 4.4 | Angle class I/II/III (n = 3/2/10) | |
Gonial angle (degrees) | 129.6 ± 20.32 | open n = 13, closed n = 2 (relative to F3^F7 angle) | |
Vertical excess of the lower third of the face (%) | + 6 ± 0.02 | lower facial excess (n = 15) | |
Cranial base angles (degrees) | C1/C2 angle | 23.8 ± 4.53 (20–22) | anterior angle of the cranial base (open n = 8, closed n = 5, normal n = 1) |
C1/C4 angle | 111.2 ± 11.3 (115–120) | posterior angle of the cranial base (open n = 1, closed n = 13, normal n = 1) | |