Fig. 4

Patterns of phenotypic aggravation with age. Aggravation was defined as the increase of Procrustes distance for each landmark between controls and patients, by comparing the general growth trajectory of each group which was provided by the two-blocks partial least-squares regressions between Procrustes coordinates and age. Aggravation was averaged by anatomical region within both skull and mandible. In each graph, the x-axis was age in years (yo), and the y-axis was the Procrustes distance (no unit). The lower part of the figure represents theoretical morphological deformation of the skull (frontal and inferior views) and mandible (frontal and dorsal views) at 6 different ages (from 6 months to 12 years old), with landmarks highlighted in a gradient of color providing information about the intensity of the deformation in patients (Procrustes distance)