Table 3 Medical history by limb lengthening subgroup

Patient historical years

663.0

1,721.6

2,384.6

Medical and surgical complications**

  ≥ 1 general medical history

35 (87.5%)/170 (25.6)

128 (87.7%)/773 (44.9)

163 (87.6%)/943 (39.5)

 Foramen magnum stenosis

2 (5.0%)/2 (0.3)

50 (34.2%)/56 (3.3)

52 (28.0%)/58 (2.4)

 Gastroesophageal issues

8 (20.0%)/8 (1.2)

24 (16.4%)/48 (2.8)

32 (17.2%)/56 (2.3)

 Genu varum/valgum

3 (7.5%)/3 (0.5)

37 (25.3%)/44 (2.6)

40 (21.5%)/47 (2.0)

 Infections/infestations

4 (10.0%)/8 (1.2)

23 (15.8%)/45 (2.6)

27 (14.5%)/53 (2.2)

 Other ENT issues (excluding otitis media)

24 (60.0%)/58 (8.7)

90 (61.6%)/261 (15.2)

114 (61.3%)/319 (13.4)

 Other orthopaedic problems

22 (55.0%)/44 (6.6)

47 (32.2%)/119 (6.9)

69 (37.1%)/163 (6.8)

 Otitis media

1 (2.5%)/1 (0.2)

11 (7.5%)/16 (0.9)

12 (6.5%)/17 (0.7)

 Pain (any type)

11 (27.5%)/25 (3.8)

34 (23.3%)/66 (3.8)

45 (24.2%)/91 (3.8)

 Spinal cord compression/stenosis

10 (25.0%)/10 (1.5)

37 (25.3%)/49 (2.8)

47 (25.3%)/59 (2.5)

 Spinal deformities (kyphosis/lordosis)

7 (17.5%)/11 (1.7)

45 (30.8%)/69 (4.0)

52 (28.0%)/80 (3.4)

Surgical burdenb

  ≥ 1 surgery/number of surgeries

40 (100%)/223 (33.6)

94 (64.4%)/290 (6.8)

134 (72.0%)/513 (21.5)

 Brainstem decompression

2 (5.0%)/2 (0.3)

24 (16.4%)/24 (1.4)

26 (14.0%)/26 (1.1)

 Limb lengthening

40 (100%)/113 (17.0)

0

40 (21.5%)/113 (4.7)

 Middle ear procedures

6 (15.0%)/8 (1.3)

37 (25.4%)/59 (3.3)

43 (23.1%)/67 (2.8)

 Nerve decompression

1 (2.5%)/1 (0.2)

6 (4.1%)/7 (0.4)

7 (3.8%)/8 (0.3)

 Shunt insertion

2 (5.0%)/2 (0.3)

5 (3.4%)/5 (0.3)

7 (3.8%)/7 (0.3)

 Shunt revision

0

4 (2.7%)/8 (0.5)

4 (2.2%)/8 (0.3)

Spinal correction

2 (5.0%)/4 (0.6)

8 (5.5%)/11 (0.6)

10 (5.4%)/15 (0.6)

 Tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy

10 (25.0%)/13 (2.0)

39 (26.7%)/55 (3.2)

49 (26.3%)/68 (2.9)

 Other

24 (60.0%)/80 (12.1)

58 (39.7%)/121 (7.0)

82 (44.1%)/201 (8.4)

Healthcare professional visits

  ≥ 1 health care professional visit/number of visits

16 (40.0%)/55 (8.3)

97 (66.4%)/460 (26.7)

113 (60.8%)/515 (21.6)

 Cardiologist

0

4 (2.7%)/6 (0.3)

4 (2.2%)/6 (0.3)

 Dentist

1 (2.5%)/1 (0.2)

2 (1.4%)/2 (0.1)

3 (1.6%)/3 (0.1)

 Dermatologist

1 (2.5%)/1 (0.2)

3 (2.1%)/4 (0.2)

4 (2.2%)/5 (0.2)

 Dietician

0

4 (2.7%)/4 (0.2)

4 (2.2%)/4 (0.2)

 ENT physician and/or surgeon

4 (10.0%)/5 (0.8)

24 (16.4%)/40 (2.3)

28 (15.1%)/45 (1.9)

 Emergency Doctor

0

5 (3.4%)/9 (0.5)

5 (2.7%)/9 (0.4)

 Endocrinologist

0

3 (2.1%)/7 (0.4)

3 (1.6%)/7 (0.3)

 Gastroenterologist

0

3 (2.1%)/5 (0.3)

3 (1.6%)/5 (0.2)

 General practitioner

4 (10.0%)/16 (2.4)

23 (15.8%)/120 (7.0)

27 (14.5%)/136 (5.7)

 Geneticist

0

5 (3.4%)/7 (0.4)

5 (2.7%)/7 (0.3)

 Gynaecologist

0

3 (2.1%)/4 (0.2)

3 (1.6%)/4 (0.2)

 Mental Health

1 (2.5%)/1 (0.2)

3 (2.1%)/3 (0.2)

4 (2.2%)/4 (0.2)

 Neurologist

1 (2.5%)/1 (0.2)

8 (5.5%)/9 (0.5)

9 (4.8%)/10 (0.4)

 Neuropediatric

1 (2.5%)/1 (0.2)

2 (1.4%)/12 (0.7)

3 (1.6%)/13 (0.5)

 Neurosurgeon

0

5 (3.4%)/6 (0.3)

5 (2.7%)/6 (0.3)

 Occupational therapist

1 (2.5%)/1 (0.2)

5 (3.4%)/5 (0.3)

6 (3.2%)/6 (0.3)

 Ophthalmologist

2 (5.0%)/2 (0.3)

7 (4.8%)/7 (0.4)

9 (4.8%)/9 (0.4)

 Orthopaedic

3 (7.5%)/6 (0.9)

21 (14.4%)/30 (1.7)

24 (12.9%)/36 (1.5)

 Paediatrician

1 (2.5%)/1 (0.2)

7 (4.8%)/56 (3.3)

8 (4.3%)/57 (2.4)

 Physiotherapist

7 (17.5%)/10 (1.5)

52 (35.6%)/75 (4.4)

59 (31.7%)/85 (3.6)

 Respiratory physician

2 (5.0%)/3 (0.5)

4 (2.7%)/5 (0.3)

6 (3.2%)/8 (0.3)

 Speech therapist

4 (10.0%)/4 (0.6)

21 (14.4%)/27 (1.6)

25 (13.4%)/31 (1.3)

 Other

2 (5.0%)/2 (0.3)

14 (9.6%)/17 (1.0)

16 (8.6%)/19 (0.8)

Medical or surgical examination

  ≥ 1 medical or surgical examination/number of examinations

40 (100%)/821 (123.8)

145 (99.3%)/2,491(144.7)

185 (99.5%)/3,312 (138.9)

 Audiology

2 (5.0%)/3 (0.5)

37 (25.3%)/82 (4.8)

39 (21.0%)/85 (3.6)

 Cardiovascular

6 (15.0%)/21 (3.2)

36 (24.7%)/75 (4.4)

42 (22.6%)/96 (4.0)

 ENT

12 (30.0%)/31 (4.7)

69 (47.3%)/323 (18.8)

81 (43.5%)/354 (14.8)

 Gastrointestinal

5 (12.5%)/12 (1.8)

13 (8.9%)/30 (1.7)

18 (9.7%)/42 (1.8)

 General surgical

5 (12.5%)/24 (3.6)

7 (4.8%)/17 (1.0)

12 (6.5%)/41 (1.7)

 Neurological

12 (30.0%)/46 (6.9)

61 (41.8%)/257 (14.9)

73 (39.2%)/303 (12.7)

 Orthopaedic

23 (57.5%)/247 (37.3)

78 (53.4%)/366 (21.3)

101 (54.3%)/613 (25.7)

 Radiological

32 (80.0%)/218 (32.9)

98 (67.1%)/519 (30.1)

130 (69.9%)/737 (30.9)

 Respiratory

7 (17.5%)/10 (1.5)

31 (21.1%)/79 (4.6)

38 (20.4%)/89 (3.7)

 Urological

1 (2.5%)/1 (0.2)

10 (6.8%)/19 (1.1)

11 (5.9%)/20 (0.8)

 Other

24 (60.0%)/208 (31.4)

108 (74.0%)/724 (42.1)

132 (71.0%)/932 (39.1)