Table 2 Muscle fat infiltration (MFI) and fat-free thigh muscle volumes (FFMV) in the stenosis group versus the non-stenosis group in the total achondroplasia study population, and in the youngest participants (age < 31 years)
Muscle variables | Stenosis | Non-stenosis | Unadjusted | Adjusted for age, gender and BMI a | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 25) | (n = 15) | |||||
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Diff. (95% CI) | P value | Diff. (95% CI) | P value | |
MFI anterior, % | 12.2 (5.2) | 7.2 (1.4) | 5.0 (2.7 to 7.2) | < 0.01 | 3.2 ( − 0.3 to 6.7) | 0.07 |
MFI posterior, % | 14.0 (4.4) | 8.6 (1.9) | 5.5 (3.4 to 7.5) | < 0.01 | 3.4 (0.5 to 6.3) | 0.02 |
MFI total, % | 13.4 (4.4) | 8.2 (1.7) | 5.3 (3.3 to 7.3) | < 0.01 | 3.3 (0.4 to 6.3) | 0.03 |
FFMV anterior, L | 1.8 (0.7) | 1.9 (0.4) | − 0.2 ( − 0.5 to 0.2) | 0.35 | − 0.3 ( − 0.8 to 0.2) | 0.23 |
FFMV posterior, L | 4.2 (1.3) | 4.4 (0.8) | − 0.2 ( − 0.9 to 0.4) | 0.49 | − 0.6 ( − 1.4 to 0.3) | 0.17 |
FFMV Total, L | 6.0 (1.9) | 6.4 (1.2) | − 0.4 ( − 1.4 to 0.6) | 0.43 | − 0.9 ( − 2.1 to 0.4) | 0.14 |
Stenosis | Non-stenosis | Unadjusted | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age < 31 years | (n = 7) | (n = 12) | Diff. (95% CI) | P value |
Age, years | 23.6 (5.1) | 21.4 (4.4) | 2.3 ( − 2.8 to 7.3) | 0.34 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 33.6 (7.1) | 29.5 (5.8) | 4.1 ( − 2.9 to 11.1) | 0.22 |
MFI anterior, % | 10.4 (2.8) | 7.0 (1.5) | 3.4 (0.7 to 6.1) | 0.02 |
MFI posterior, % | 12.2 (3.2) | 8.4 (2.0) | 3.8 (0.7 to 6.9) | 0.02 |
MFI total, % | 11.6 (2.8) | 8.0 (1.8) | 3.6 (1.0 to 6.3) | 0.01 |