Table 2 Summary of clinical features of the present and published studies associated with ultrasound-guided nusinersen administration
References | Nagano et al. [13] | Zhang et al. [9] | Zanfini et al. [10] | Veiga-Canuto et al. [11] | Snoj et al. [12] | This study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of patients | 1 | 3 | 18 | 18 | 14 | 7 |
Age, years | 21 | 28 (14–34) | 49 (21–66) | 16 (7–63) | 33 (22–50) | 13 (12–19) |
Children: adults | 0: 1 | 1: 2 | 0: 18 | 10: 8 | 0: 14 | 6: 1 |
SMA subtypes | ||||||
  Type 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
  Type 2 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 14 | 11 | 3 |
  Type 3 | 0 | 2 | 11 | 4 | 3 | 2 |
Spine surgery | ||||||
  Growing rods (No.) | Previously implanted and removed later | – | – | 9 | – | – |
  Spinal fusion (No.) | – | – | – | 3 | 10 | 5 |
Cobb’s angle: median (range) | 60° | (103°–130°) | (30°–> 50°) | 53.5° (21°–87°) | 54.6° (20°–85°) | 45° (10°–87°) |
Lumbar spine axial rotation | Severe | NA | Mild-severe | NA | 43.2 (10–81) | Mild-severe |
No. of successive procedures | 3 | 15 | 57 | 91 | 14 | 19 |
Success rate | 100% | 100% | 100% | 96.8% in procedures 77.7% in patients | 60% in patients | 95% |
Injection levels | L3–L4, L4–L5 | L4–L5, L5–S1 | L3–L4, L4–L5 | NA | L1–L2, L2–L3, L3–L4 | L3–L4, L4–L5, L5–S1 |
Approach | Parasagittal oblique approach | Parasagittal oblique approach | Parasagittal oblique approach | Parasagittal oblique approach | Transforaminal approach | Near-spinous process approach |
Sedation | Sedation with midazolam | No | No | Sedation with midazolam and Ketamine | No | No |
Adverse events | ||||||
  Post-puncture headache (°) | No | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
  Severe adverse events | No | No | No | Acute urinary retention | Inadvertent vein access | No |