Fig. 3From: Microbiome insights into pediatric familial adenomatous polyposisA, B Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). UPGMA-clustering trees based on weighted (A) and unweighted (B) unifrac distances. C Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis. A histogram of LDA scores was plotted to identify statistically significant biomarkers and to reveal the dominant microorganisms in the groups (left panel). Taxonomic comparison between adjacent non-polyp mucosa/stool samples. The taxonomic cladogram shows a comparison generated by GraPhlAn (Graphical Phylogenetic Analysis), representing high-quality, compact visualizations of microbial genomes and metagenomes (right panel). Colors distinguish between Proteobacteria (blue), Firmicutes (dark blue), Bacteroidetes (green), and Actinobacteria (red) phyla, while the intensity reflects the LDA score, an indicator of the effect sizes of the significant differences. The size of the nodes correlates with their relative and logarithmically scaled abundances. Taxa were both statistically significant (P < 0.05) and had an LDA Score > 4, considered a significant effect sizeBack to article page