Fig. 2

Effects of sirolimus on pneumothorax recurrence. A Definition of the sirolimus group (treated period) and control group (untreated period) in the historical prospective self-controlled study. Patients started in the control group, and once they started taking sirolimus, they were transferred to the sirolimus group for continued observation. B Kaplan–Meier analysis for the self-controlled study. The 5-year probability of pneumothorax recurrence was 80% lower in the sirolimus group than in the control group (P < 0.001 by log-rank test). C Kaplan–Meier analysis of LAM patients, removing the influence of pleurodesis. The 5-year risk of pneumothorax recurrence remained lower in the sirolimus group than in the control group (P < 0.001 by log-rank test). D Comparison of the recurrence interval between the first and the second pneumothorax and between the second and third pneumothorax in LAM patients