Clinical presentation | Total (n = 44) | Severity of hemophilia | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Severe (n = 19) | Moderate (n = 25) | |||
Mode of bleeding | ||||
Spontaneous | 44 (100) | 19 (100) | 25 (100) | – |
After minor trauma | 44 (100) | 19 (100) | 25 (100) | – |
After major trauma | 44 (100) | 19 (100) | 25 (100) | – |
Joint swelling | ||||
Yes | 43 (97.7) | 18 (94.7) | 25 (100) | 0.432 |
No | 1 (2.3) | 1 (5.3) | 0 | |
Target joint | ||||
Knee | 31 (70.5) | 11 (57.9) | 20 (80.0) | 0.268 |
Elbow | 7 (15.9) | 4 (21.1) | 3 (12.0) | |
Ankle | 2 (4.5) | 1 (5.3) | 1 (4.0) | |
Shoulder | 2 (4.5) | 2 (10.5) | 0 | |
Hip | 1 (2.3) | 0 | 1 (4.0) | |
None | 1 (2.3) | 1 (5.3) | 0 | |
Soft tissue/muscle swelling | ||||
Yes | 32 (72.7) | 15 (78.9) | 17 (68.0) | 0.419 |
No | 12 (27.3) | 4 (21.1) | 8 (32.0) | |
Muscle wasting | ||||
Yes | 43 (97.7) | 18 (94.7) | 25 (100.0) | 0.432 |
No | 1 (2.3) | 1 (5.3) | 0 | |
Bleeding/ecchymosis from skin/other orifices | ||||
Yes | 33 (75.0) | 17 (89.5) | 16 (64.0) | 0.081 |
No | 11 (25.0) | 2 (10.5) | 9 (36.0) | |
Functional status | ||||
Unrestricted activity | 1 (2.3) | 1 (5.3) | 0 | 0.416 |
Full school/work with some limitation | 26 (59.1) | 10 (52.6) | 16 (64.0) | |
Restricted school/work | 16 (36.4) | 7 (36.8) | 9 (36.0) | |
Restricted self-care | 1 (2.3) | 1 (5.3) | 0 | |
Investigation | ||||
APTT (s) | 89.30 (49.4–120.0) | 88.65 (72.0–98.0) | 89.4 (49.4–120.0) | 0.951 |
X-ray of the affected joint | ||||
Joint changes present | 40 (93.0) | 17 (89.5) | 23 (95.8) | 0.416 |
No change | 3 (7.0) | 2 (10.5) | 1 (4.2) | |
Missing value | 1 | |||
Ultrasonogram of suspected muscle group | ||||
Normal | 14 (34.1) | 5 (29.4) | 9 (37.5) | 0.591 |
Muscle Hematoma | 27 (65.9) | 12 (70.6) | 15 (62.5) | |
Missing value | 3 | |||
Ultrasonogram of whole abdomen | ||||
Normal | 31 (72.1) | 14 (73.7) | 17 (70.8) | 0.836 |
Retroperitoneal hemorrhage | 12 (27.9) | 5 (26.3) | 7 (29.2) | |
Missing value | 1 |