Fig. 3
From: Characterizing the neurological phenotype of the hyperinsulinism hyperammonemia syndrome
a Hippocampal asymmetry index in HI/HA subjects compared to the healthy reference population. p = 0.142, Mann–Whitney U test. b Peak hippocampal GluCEST in HI/HA subjects compared to the healthy reference population. p = 0.514, Mann–Whitney U test. Three subjects (4, 5, and 7) had outlier values (≥ 3 SD) for hippocampal AI using the healthy reference subjects as the reference population distribution. The same three subjects had outlier values for peak hippocampal GluCEST. Asymmetry index calculated as the absolute value of the difference between left and right mean hippocampal GluCEST % divided by their sum (|left − right|/[left + right] × 100). Peak GluCEST determined as the highest mean GluCEST value between the left or right hippocampus of each subject. In the box and whisker plots, horizontal lines represent medians, box ends represent the 25th and 75th percentiles, and whiskers extend to the minimum and maximums. The mean of each group and 95% CI error bars are displayed to the right of each box and whisker plot. AI asymmetry index, CI confidence interval, HI/HA hyperinsulinism hyperammonemia syndrome, GluCEST glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer, SD standard deviation