Table 11 Summary of autonomic problems found in patients with MDS reported in the literature; NR = not reported

Breath holding

1/20

1/1

2/21 (10%)

[5, 27]

Episodes of hyperventilation

1/1

NR

1/1 (100%)

[46]

Episodes of hypoventilation

2/4

NR

2/4 (50%)

[24, 81]

Vasomotor troubles

–

–

58/100 (58%)

[77, 78, 84]

 Livedo of the limbs

36/43

2/6

38/49 (78%)

[7, 11, 43, 77]

 Cold hands and/or feet/problems regulating body temperature

4/15

NR

4/15 (33%)

[12, 18, 32]