Fig. 2

Normalization of all samples and DEG analysis. A Boxplots of sample expression, before normalization (left) and after normalization (right). The x-axis shows the sample information, and the y-axis the gene expression value. All samples are from middle cerebral artery vessel walls; blue (MMD) represents Moyamoya disease samples, yellow (IA) represents internal carotid aneurysm samples, and red (EPI) represents epilepsy samples. B PCA visualizes the grouping information of samples. C A volcano plot of data from all genes; each dot represents one gene. Genes that meet the screening criteria are shown in blue (down-regulated) and red (up-regulated), and the remaining genes are designated in gray. D A heatmap of the top 200 DEGs includes 105 up-regulated genes and 95 down-regulated genes. The first column shows the grouping information. Each row shows one gene, and each column shows data from one sample, including 11 MMD case samples and three EPI as negative control samples. Up-regulated genes are represented in bright colors, and down-regulated genes are represented in darker colors