Craniofacial and dentoalveolar morphology in individuals with Prader–Willi syndrome: a case-control study

Table 6 Cephalometric measurements for PWS individuals under 12 years and PWS individuals over 20 years of age

Measurement		PWS < 12 years (n = 12)		PWS > 20 years (n = 20)		Difference	t-test p value
Measurement		Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Difference	t-test p value
Basal sagittal
n-s-ba	Degree	129.2	7.0	129.1	6.0	+ 0.1	0.96
s-n-A	Degree	81.1	5.3	82.5	4.5	− 1.4	0.43
s-n-B	Degree	76.1	5.5	81.4	3.3	− 5.3	0.002
A-n-B	Degree	5.0	2.4	1.1	3.7	+ 3.9	0.003
A ḻ n-pg	mm	4.3	2.2	− 0.2	3.9	+ 4.5	0.001
Basal vertical
NL/NSL	Degree	11.6	4.5	7.5	3.7	+ 4.1	0.06
ML/NSL	Degree	35.9	7.4	27.7	5.7	+ 8.2	0.009
ML/NL	Degree	24.3	7.6	20.2	5.2	+ 4.1	0.001
FA/n-ba	Degree	88.2	5.4	96.9	4.6	− 8.7	0.08
Anterior face height
n-sp	mm	46.0	4.3	49.9	3.7	− 3.9	0.07
sp-gn	mm	57.7	6.1	65.5	6.4	− 7.8	0.01
n-sp/sp-gn	%	80.1	6.6	76.7	7.7	+ 3.4	0.002
Dental
Ii to A-pg	mm	1.5	2.3	1.1	2.6	+ 0.4	0.72
ILi/A-pg	Degree	20.7	4.1	20.3	5.8	+ 0.4	0.83
ILi/ML	Degree	93.6	5.4	89.7	9.3	+ 3.9	0.23
Is to A-pg	mm	4.5	3.5	4.7	2.4	− 0.2	0.85
ILs/A-pg	Degree	26.1	8.4	23.8	7.2	+ 2.3	0.44
ILs/NSL	Degree	96.3	7.7	106.7	8.5	− 10.4	0.003
ILi/ILs	Degree	133.2	9.4	135.9	10.7	− 2.7	0.49

Basal sagittal—n-s-ba: cranial base inclination, s-n-A: maxillary prognathism, s-n-B: mandibular prognathism, A-n-B: relative prognathism, A ḻ n-pg: facial convexity
Basal vertical—NL/NSL: maxillary inclination, ML/NSL: mandibular inclination, ML/NL: mand./max. inclination, FA/n-ba: facial axis
Anterior face height—n-sp: upper anterior face height, sp-gn: lower anterior face height, n-sp/sp-gn: ratio
Dental—Ii to A-pg: lower incisor protrusion, ILi/A-pg: lower incisor inclination to A-pg, ILi/ML: lower incisor inclination to ML, Is to A-pg: upper incisor protrusion, ILs/A-pg: upper incisor inclination to A-pg, ILs/NSL: upper incisor inclination to NSL, ILi/ILs: interincisor angle

ISSN: 1750-1172