Craniofacial and dentoalveolar morphology in individuals with Prader–Willi syndrome: a case-control study

Table 5 Cephalometric measurements for PWS individuals and control group over 20 years of age

Measurement		PWS > 20 years (n = 20)		Control > 20 years (n = 60)		Difference	t-test p value
Measurement		Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Difference	t-test p value
Basal sagittal
n-s-ba	Degree	129.1	6.1	128.6	3.6	+ 0.5	0.67
s-n-A	Degree	82.5	4.5	83.1	3.8	− 0.6	0.59
s-n-B	Degree	81.4	3.3	80.2	3.9	+ 1.2	0.22
A-n-B	Degree	1.1	3.7	2.9	2.4	− 1.8	0.02
A ḻ n-pg	mm	− 0.2	3.9	1.3	2.9	− 1.5	0.07
Basal vertical
NL/NSL	Degree	7.5	3.7	8.3	3.2	− 0.8	0.40
ML/NSL	Degree	27.7	5.7	27.4	5.5	+ 0.3	0.81
ML/NL	Degree	20.2	5.2	19.1	5.6	+ 1.1	0.46
FA/n-ba	Degree	96.9	4.6	92.5	4.5	+ 4.4	0.0001
Anterior face height
n-sp	mm	49.9	3.7	51.1	3.6	− 1.2	0.20
sp-gn	mm	65.5	6.4	64.8	5.5	+ 0.7	0.64
n-sp/sp-gn	%	76.7	7.8	79.3	7.7	− 2.6	0.19
Dental
Ii to A-pg	mm	1.1	2.6	1.3	2.6	− 0.2	0.89
ILi/A-pg	Degree	20.3	5.8	23.7	5.5	− 3.4	0.02
ILi/ML	Degree	89.7	9.3	95.8	6.9	− 6.1	0.002
Is to A-pg	mm	4.7	2.4	4.3	2.3	+ 0.4	0.59
ILs/A-pg	Degree	23.8	7.3	20.7	5.9	+ 3.1	0.05
ILs/NSL	Degree	106.7	8.5	101.2	6.7	+ 5.5	0.004
ILi/ILs	Degree	135.9	10.7	135.6	10.3	+ 0.3	0.90

Basal sagittal—n-s-ba: cranial base inclination, s-n-A: maxillary prognathism, s-n-B: mandibular prognathism, A-n-B: relative prognathism, A ḻ n-pg: facial convexity
Basal vertical—NL/NSL: maxillary inclination, ML/NSL: mandibular inclination, ML/NL: mand./max. inclination, FA/n-ba: facial axis
Anterior face height—n-sp: upper anterior face height, sp-gn: lower anterior face height, n-sp/sp-gn: ratio
Dental—Ii to A-pg: lower incisor protrusion, ILi/A-pg: lower incisor inclination to A-pg, ILi/ML: lower incisor inclination to ML, Is to A-pg: upper incisor protrusion, ILs/A-pg: upper incisor inclination to A-pg, ILs/NSL: upper incisor inclination to NSL, ILi/ILs: interincisor angle

ISSN: 1750-1172