Author, year | Patient characteristics | Comorbidity | Follow-up | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | Gender | Symptom | FD | Vascular disease | Management | ||||
FD | Vascular disease | ||||||||
Gianluca [4], 1996 | 36 | Female | Facial asymmetry | MAS; right sphenoid and frontal bones and right ethmoidal cells | Arteriovenous malformation involving the right palpebra and orbit arising from external carotid artery | Follow-up and observation | Follow-up and observation | Dysgenic iridocorneal angles with increased intraocular pressure and retinal degeneration | No |
Ishiguro [9], 1985 | 33 | Male | Hard mass | Right frontal bone, orbit, sphenoid bone and parietal bone | Arteriovenous fistula arising from multiple branches of external carotid artery and medial frontal artery | Resection and the defects replaced by bone cement | embolization | No | 1Â year; no symptoms recur |
Yamashita[44] fcv, 2019 | 66 | Female | Cranial bone deformity and vision loss in the left eye | Left cranial vault and left orbit | Middle meningeal artery aneurysm | Follow-up and observation | Surgical removal after Embolization | No | 6-month; no symptomatic recurrence |
Pan [7], 2020 | 48 | Male | Diplopia, tinnitus | Right sphenoid, occiput, and right temporal bone | Arteriovenous fistula within the occipital FD with blood supply from branches of external carotid arteries and vertebral arteries | Biopsy | Embolization | FD of the right lower extremity, bilateral upper extremeties, ribs, right scapula | No |