Fig. 2

Real-time ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture in a SMA patient with severe scoliosis. A Paramedian sagittal oblique interlaminar sonogram of the lower lumbar spine (L5–S1) with the neuraxial structures clearly visualized through the acoustic window of the interlaminar space. B Ultrasound probe position of paramedian sagittal oblique scan at the level of lamina and needle orientation for lumbar puncture with in-plane approach. C Sonogram obtained when needle inserted into the intrathecal space. D Free flow of clear CSF is noted from the puncture needle