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Table 3 Direct costs for a 3-month period for the total patient group (n = 184; in 2019 Euro)

From: Direct and indirect costs and cost-driving factors of Tuberous sclerosis complex in children, adolescents, and caregivers: a multicenter cohort study

Cost components

Mean costs

SD1

Minimum

Median

Maximum

95% CI

% of total direct costs

Estimated annual direct costs2

Total direct costs

4949

6079

0

2062

29,231

4088; 5863

100

19,796

 Medication (n = 168)

2658

4557

0

321

21,546

2060; 3297

53.7

10,632

  mTOR inhibitors* (n = 49)

2309

4435

0

0

20,054

1715; 2928

46.6

9236

  Antiseizure drugs (n = 154)

260

378

0

159

3027

213; 312

5.3

1040

  Other prescription drugs (n = 62)

72

352

0

0

3569

33; 122

1.5

288

  OTC drugs and supplements (n = 30)

11

44

0

0

349

6; 17

0.2

44

  Emergency medication (n = 23)

5

24

0

0

266

2; 9

0.1

20

 Hospitalization (n = 41)

1027

3467

0

0

26,802

579; 1503

20.8

4108

 Ancillary therapies (n = 116)

407

470

0

212

1951

345; 472

8.2

1628

 Outpatient treatment (n = 169)

346

357

0

255

2250

298; 396

7.0

1384

 Diagnostics (n = 153)

156

194

0

101

1370

130; 186

3.2

624

 Auxillary material (n = 19)

138

738

0

0

8130

52; 241

2.8

552

 Rehabilitation (n = 2)

27

287

0

0

3671

0; 67

0.6

108

 Emergency service use (n = 5)

23

145

0

0

1200

7; 46

0.5

92

 Specific diets (n = 11)

22

122

0

0

1100

8; 41

0.4

88

 Transport costs (n = 51)

9

34

0

0

374

5; 14

0.2

36

 Co-payments for therapies (n = 64)

125

297

0

0

2020

87; 167

2.5

500

 Other co-payments (n = 22)

15

54

0

0

400

8; 23

0.3

60

  1. 1Standard deviation
  2. 2Estimation based on the mean costs in three months multiplied by four
  3. 95% CI = 95% Confidence interval using the bootstrap bias corrected and accelerated method
  4. *Everolimus n = 46, Sirolimus n = 3, OTC = over-the-counter